Introduction:
Understanding Metabolic Endotoxemia (ME):
Impact of Endotoxemia:
Scientific Quotes on Endotoxemia:
Studies and Interventions:
Diet High in Fiber, Polyphenols, and Functional Foods:
Flaxseed Intervention:
Pomegranate Extract:
Resistant Dextrin (Prebiotic):
Probiotic (Lactobacillus Rosis GG):
Symbiotic Intervention (Probiotic + Prebiotic):
Practical Applications and Recommendations:
Conclusion:
References used in this episode:
1.Medina-Vera I, Sanchez-Tapia M, Noriega-Lopez L, et al. A dietary intervention with functional foods reduces metabolic endotoxaemia and attenuates biochemical abnormalities by modifying faecal microbiota in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2019;45(2):122-131.
2.Krumbeck JA, Rasmussen HE, Hutkins RW, et al. Probiotic Bifidobacterium strains and galactooligosaccharides improve intestinal barrier function in obese adults but show no synergism when used together as synbiotics. Microbiome. 2018;6(1):121.
3.Saleh-Ghadimi S, Dehghan P, Sarmadi B, Maleki P. Improvement of sleep by resistant dextrin prebiotic in type 2 diabetic women coincides with attenuation of metabolic endotoxemia: involvement of gut-brain axis. J Sci Food Agric. 2022;102(12):5229-5237.
4.Fallah F, Mahdavi R. L-Carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation: beneficial effects on metabolic-endotoxemia, meta-inflammation, and oxidative-stress biomarkers in obese patients: a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Food Funct. 2023;14(4):2172-2187.
5.Moludi J, Kafil HS, Qaisar SA, Gholizadeh P, Alizadeh M, Vayghyan HJ. Effect of probiotic supplementation along with calorie restriction on metabolic endotoxemia, and inflammation markers in coronary artery disease patients: a double blindplacebo controlled randomized clinical trial. Nutr J. 2021;20(1):47.
6.Farhangi MA, Dehghan P, Namazi N. Prebiotic supplementation modulates advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), and cardiometabolic risk factors through improving metabolic endotoxemia: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(7):3009-3021.
Gonzalez-Sarrias A, Nunez-Sanchez MA, Avila-Galvez MA, et al. Consumption of pomegranate decreases plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels, a marker of metabolic endotoxemia, in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Food Funct. 2018;9(5):2617-2622.
8. Gonzalez-Sarrias A, Romo-Vaquero M, Garcia-Villalba R, Cortes-Martin A, Selma MV, Espin JC. The Endotoxemia Marker Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein is Reduced in Overweight-Obese Subjects Consuming Pomegranate Extract by Modulating the Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018;62(11):e1800160.
9. Millischer V, Heinzl M, Faka A, et al. Intravenous administration of LPS activates the kynurenine pathway in healthy male human subjects: a prospective placebo-controlled cross-over trial. J Neuroinflammation. 2021;18(1):158.
10. Iqbal A, Prince LR, Novodvorsky P, et al. Effect of Hypoglycemia on Inflammatory Responses and the Response to Low-Dose Endotoxemia in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(4):1187-1199.
11. Pei R, DiMarco DM, Putt KK, et al. Premeal Low-Fat Yogurt Consumption Reduces Postprandial Inflammation and Markers of Endotoxin Exposure in Healthy Premenopausal Women in a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2018;148(6):910-916.
12. Madison AA, Belury MA, Andridge R, et al. Afternoon distraction: a high-saturated-fat meal and endotoxemia impact postmeal attention in a randomized crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;111(6):1150-1158.
13. Sant'Ana CT, Amorim AD, Gava AP, et al. Brown and golden flaxseed reduce intestinal permeability and endotoxemia, and improve the lipid profile in perimenopausal overweight women. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022;73(6):829-840.
14. Frank J, Gupta A, Osadchiy V, Mayer EA. Brain-Gut-Microbiome Interactions and Intermittent Fasting in Obesity. Nutrients. 2021;13(2).
15. Cani PD, Osto M, Geurts L, Everard A. Involvement of gut microbiota in the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. Gut Microbes. 2012;3(4):279-288.
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