Perhaps the greatest orginal contribution to science in the medieval period was initiated at Merton College Oxford.  A group of scholars worked to mathematise nature and prove new theorems decribing motion.  Meanwhile in Paris, another scholar was working on a theory which undermined Aristotle's theories of motion and paved the way for Newtonian Mechanics.

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Music Credit: Folk Round Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License