Episode 252 – Archeology and the Bible – Part 7 – Jericho Old & New
Welcome to Anchored by Truth brought to you by Crystal Sea Books. In John 14:6, Jesus said, “I am the way, the truth, and the life.” The goal of Anchored by Truth is to encourage everyone to grow in the Christian faith by anchoring themselves to the secure truth found in the inspired, inerrant, and infallible word of God.
Script:
Suddenly, the walls of Jericho collapsed, and the Israelites charged straight into the town and captured it. They completely destroyed everything in it …
The men who had been spies went in and brought out Rahab, her father, mother, brothers, and all the other relatives who were with her.
Joshua, Chapter 6, verses 20 through 23, New Living Translation

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VK: Hello and welcome to Anchored by Truth brought to you by Crystal Sea Books. I’m Victoria K. This is our 7th episode in our series on archeology and the Bible. Throughout this series we have been talking about the large number of archeological finds that supply evidence that confirm that the history contained in the Bible is real history. It’s popular today, especially in academia and the media, to attempt to dismiss the long-standing relationship between the Bible and archeology. But when reviewed objectively the only fair conclusion is that archeology has been extremely supportive of the Bible’s trustworthiness. To help us continue to explore this topic, in the studio today we have RD Fierro. RD is an author and the founder of Crystal Sea Books RD, thus far in this series we have reviewed a number of specific archeological finds that have confirmed details of the Bible. But you said that today you wanted to switch things up a bit. What do you have in mind?
RD: Well, thus far in this series we have mostly been talking about archeological finds and artifacts that came from places that today are in ruins. Some of the sites we have discussed were destroyed so thoroughly like Nineveh, the capital of the ancient Assyrian Empire, that they were lost to secular history or considered legendary. But today we are going to talk about a city that not only plays a prominent role in the Bible but also is still in existence today – Jericho. Jericho is one of the few cities that is mentioned early in the Old Testament and later in the New Testament. Most of the locations from that time in Bible history have turned into piles of rubble and most have disappeared beneath multiple layers of sand, rock, or dirt. But Jericho didn’t. It still exists today in the West Bank territory and according to recent estimates has about 20,000 occupants. But we must emphasize that while the city exists it is not on exactly the same spot as the Old Testament city mentioned in Joshua.
VK: Some scholars believe that Jericho may be the oldest continuously occupied city in the world. And while the secular dating for how long Jericho has been around doesn’t conform with a Biblical view, pretty much everybody agrees Jericho is thousands of years old. Jericho is well known to students of the Bible and even in popular culture because of the popular incident that is related in chapter 6 of the book of Joshua. We heard a part of the description of the incident in our opening scripture. Just to refresh everyone’s recollection though, the book of Joshua is set in history just as the Israelites are ending the 40 years of wandering in the desert. Moses has died but before he did he named Joshua as his successor to actually lead the Hebrews across the Jordan River and into the Promised Land to begin their occupation of it. While it’s not evident today, Jericho was a very imposing obstacle in Joshua’s day. Its defensive walls were famous and since it was located near one of the fords in the Jordan River it occupied a strategic location.
RD: Right. Both militarily and psychologically it was important for the Israelites to conquer Jericho if they were to have any hope of actually fulfilling the mandate they had received from God to take possession of the land of Canaan. It essentially confronted the Israelites just as soon as they had crossed the river. The big question for Joshua and the Hebrews was how in the world could they defeat it? Let’s remember that while the number of Hebrews that had come through the wilderness wanderings was sizeable – some scholars estimate as many as 2 million in total – they were not a well-equipped army. They were essentially a band of farmers, shepherds, and tradespeople who had little, if any, significant weapons. The only weapons the Bible mentions are personal weapons like swords and bows and arrows.
VK: During their 40 years of wandering through the wilderness the Israelites were a nomadic people. They pitched camp whenever the Lord told them to and they moved when the Lord told them to. They were always accompanied by their “flocks and herds.” Their shelters were tents. The largest structure they ever built was their temple which was itself, just a large tent. In short, they didn’t spend any time, or have the opportunity to build a real army or develop the kind of weapons an army would need to take on a walled and fortified city like Jericho. Swords and arrows aren’t much good against walls that were, according to archeological excavations, up to 6 feet thick and as much as 40 feet, or more, high. Armies that would tackle fortifications like that would have catapults, towers, and siege engines. The Hebrews didn’t have any of those things.
RD: Of course they did have God on their side. There’s an old saying that you never know that “You’ll never know Jesus is all you need until Jesus is all you have.”
VK: Amen to that.
RD: The point is that Jericho would have been an imposing obstacle to the Israelites who just entering the land God had told them to occupy. And, humanly, speaking they would have had no way to breach the walls. Fortunately, they didn’t have to. All the Hebrews had to do was obey God’s instructions and He said He would deliver the city into their hands. At this stage of their history the Israelites were still being obedient to God – which would change later on, sadly.
VK: But, as you said, at this time the Hebrews under Joshua were still obeying God. God told them to march around the city once for six days. Then He told them to march around the city seven times on the 7th day. After their final circuit God told them that when they shouted the walls of Jericho would “collapse” and they would be able to charge straight into the city. They did exactly as told and the Bible tells us that the walls fell down and the Hebrews were able to take the city. The only people who survived was Rahab, the harlot, and her family who were with her because she had sheltered the Hebrew spies. It’s a dramatic story that has been popularized in various songs, books, and movies. So, naturally the question occurs as to whether there is any archeological evidence that supports the Biblical account.
RD: And not surprisingly there is. The Old Testament city of Jericho is located at a site that is called Tell-el-Sultan today. Extensive excavations have been conducted at that site through the years. And we know from those excavations that the ruins that have been uncovered provide substantial confirmation for the Biblical account of the episode that is described in chapter 6 of the book of Joshua.
VK: Well then let’s go through some of the evidence that has been uncovered. For our listeners’ benefit we want you to know that there are a couple of very good articles on the Creation Ministries International website that deal with the archeological work that has been done at Jericho. But for this episode we have also used material from Dr. Gleason Archer’s book, The Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties, and the Archeological Study Bible. The Archeological Study Bible is a particularly helpful book for any Bible student that wants to explore the connection between the Bible and archeology. There are literally hundreds of articles, comments, maps, and pictures that demonstrate that the Bible is a book firmly set in place and time. And the fact that such a book can be produced for the Bible sets the Bible apart from all other ancient or modern books that claim to have divine inspiration. So, where do you want to start in talking about the evidence from archeology that supports the Biblical account?
RD: Well, we can start with the fact that Jericho was strongly fortified. In fact excavations have shown that Jericho had two sets of walls.
The mound of Jericho was surrounded by a great earthen embankment, with a stone retaining wall at its base. The retaining wall was about 12–15 feet high. On top of the earthen embankment was a mudbrick wall that was six feet thick and over 20 feet high. That means the Israelites standing on the outside of this lower wall would have been staring up at a wall that was close to 40 feet high.
VK: In other words the attacking Hebrews would have been facing a wall that was close to 4 stories tall. That would have been both imposing and discouraging.
RD: Absolutely. And that was just the lower wall. At the top of the embankment was a similar mudbrick wall whose base was roughly 14 meters (46 feet) above the ground level outside the retaining wall. This is what loomed high above the Israelites as they marched around the city each day for seven days. Humanly speaking, it was impossible for the Israelites to penetrate the impregnable bastion of Jericho.
VK: Archeologists estimate that within the upper walled section was an area of approximately six acres. Based on an archaeologist’s rule of thumb of approximately 200 persons per acre, the population of the upper city would have been about 1,200. Archeologists estimate that the total area within the walls of Jericho including the lower walled portion was about 9 acres. We also now know, from excavations carried out by a German team that people were also living on the embankment between the upper and lower city walls. And it is reasonable to believe that as the Israelite army was approaching Jericho that Canaanites living in surrounding villages would have fled to Jericho for safety. Thus, it’s quite likely that there were several thousand people inside the walls when the Israelites came against the city.
RD: Right. So, one element of the Biblical story that is attested to by archeology is that Jericho was strongly fortified and could have held enough people to be militarily significant. A second element that the archeology has shown us is that it was small enough for the Israelite army to march around seven times in one day. The Israelites wouldn’t have marched around right next to the walls – that would have made them vulnerable to rocks or objects tossed off the walls. So, let’s assume they marched far enough away to have a reasonable margin of safety. The distance they marched in a single trip would have been in the range of 3,500 to 4,000 feet. There are 5,280 feet per mile so even if they marched around a 4,000 feet perimeter 7 times that’s a total distance of about 5 miles. Certainly for people who had been used to trekking through the desert for the last 40 years a 5 mile walk would not have worn them out. They would have had plenty of energy to attack the city with strength when the falls finally fell.
VK: The archeological excavations at Jericho have also revealed that the city’s free-standing inner and outer mudbrick walls collapsed outward. This means they fell down the slope and piled up at the base of the mound. This is consistent with how the Bible describes the walls’ collapse. The Legacy Standard Bible put it this way in Joshua, chapter 6, verse 5. “And it will be that when they make a long blast with the ram’s horn, and when you hear the sound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout with a great shout; and the wall of the city will fall down beneath itself, and the people will go up every man straight ahead.” Once the walls collapsed, this allowed the invading Israelites to go straight up and into the city. This is consistent with what the Bible says in verse 20 of the same chapter.
RD: A third element of the archeological evidence that supports the Bible account is that a one-meter-thick layer of ash and debris, including jars of burnt wheat, was found in many sections of the city. Joshua, chapter 6, verse 24 says “Then [the Israelites] burned the whole city and everything in it …”
VK: And the fact that the jars were full of burnt wheat is consistent with the Bible’s report that the attack took place just after the harvest. Joshua, chapter 3, verse 15 says that the Hebrews crossed the Jordan River just before attacking Jericho in the harvest season. Moreover, the fact that there was grain in the charred jars is evidence that the siege of Jericho was a short one. According to the Bible’s description the siege lasted just 7 days. If it had been a long siege the people who had fled into the city would have eaten the grain in the jars. Also, the fact that the archeologists found grain in the jars was evidence that most of the Hebrews complied with the Lord’s instructions to not take plunder for themselves from the city. In Joshua, chapter 6, verses 18 and 19 Joshua had said to the Israelites: “keep away from the devoted things, so that you will not bring about your own destruction by taking any of them. Otherwise you will make the camp of Israel liable to destruction and bring trouble on it. All the silver and gold and the articles of bronze and iron are sacred to the Lord and must go into his treasury.” Grain would have been a valuable commodity to an attacking army. An army certainly would have taken any food stores in the city with them under normal circumstances. The fact that the grain was left shows that whoever sacked the city and set fire to it is unusual but it is entirely consistent with the Bible’s account.
RD: And let’s mention one final piece of evidence of what was found at Jericho which is consistent with the Bible. The Bible explicitly says that the harlot Rahab’s house was built into the city wall. Joshua, chapter 2, verse 15 says, “So [Rahab] let [the Hebrew spies] down by a rope through the window, for the house she lived in was part of the city wall.” Well, as the archeologists were exploring the walls that had fallen they discovered a section of the lower city wall had not collapsed in the same way as the other parts of the walls. An article on the Creation Ministries website puts it this way: “The German excavation of 1907–1909 found that on the north a short stretch of the lower city wall did not fall as everywhere else. A portion of that mudbrick wall was still standing to a height of over …eight feet). What is more, there were houses built against the wall! It is quite possible that this is where Rahab’s house was. Since the city wall formed the back wall of the houses, the spies could have readily escaped. From this location on the north side of the city it was only a short distance to the hills of the Judean wilderness where the spies hid for three days.”
VK: So, the main point of all of this evidence that we are citing is that there is ample archeological evidence to support the reliability of the Bible’s account the Israelites captured the city of Jericho. But I think some people might ask the question, “why does it matter whether the story - as told in the Bible - is true?” Some people might say that even if the story was an embellished account what difference does it make? Or, does it even matter if the story is just an amazing legend that was used to inspire generations of Hebrew children.
RD: And the short answer to those questions is that it makes all the difference in the world whether the story is true. Let’s step back for a second and remember that the Bible is a single book about a single plan and that its content was selected by a single mind – the mind of God. God had a purpose for everything He chose to have included in the Bible. There is a lot of history in the Bible, such as the history found in Joshua, but none of that history is there by accident. God wanted and wants His people to learn things from the history He chose to include.
VK: So, what are some of the things God wants us to learn from the Hebrew encounter with Jericho?
RD: Well, remember where this encounter occurs in the larger plan of redemptive history. The Hebrews were coming out of a 40-year period of wandering in the desert after they had left captivity in Egypt. But the group that was entering the Promised Land was not the same group that had left Egypt. Except for Joshua and Caleb all of the Hebrews who had left Egypt had died in the desert because they had rebelled against the Lord in one way or another.
VK: Even Moses had died. God had not permitted Moses or his brother Aaron to enter the Promised Land. In Deuteronomy, chapter 32, verses 50 through 52 God said, “There on the mountain that you have climbed you will die and be gathered to your people, just as your brother Aaron died on Mount Hor and was gathered to his people. This is because both of you broke faith with me in the presence of the Israelites … in the Desert of Zin and because you did not uphold my holiness among the Israelites. Therefore, you will see the land only from a distance; you will not enter the land I am giving to the people of Israel.”
RD: Right. So, the group of Israelites that was entering the Promised Land, except for Joshua and Caleb was not the same group that had seen the miracles that God had performed in Egypt as part of delivering the Hebrews from bondage. This group might be wondering “how can we be sure that God is going to help us displace the Canaanites and enable us to take possession of the land?” Well, certainly be helping them to overcome the first major obstacle they encountered after crossing the Jordan was a powerful signal that though almost all of their previous leaders had died their God was still very much alive and in command. So, the miraculous conquest of Jericho was a dramatic signal to the Hebrews that as long as they were obedient to Him God was going to assure that they obtained the inheritance He had promised.
VK: And the Hebrews experience at Jericho is still a valuable lesson for us. God had led the Hebrews to Jericho. They were in the center of His will as they were staring up at the walls. The fact that they were facing this huge obstacle as they were seeking to do His will wasn’t because they had done anything wrong – at least at that point. They were doing what God had commanded them to do. But that didn’t mean that they weren’t going to encounter obstacles and opposition. I think that’s a great lesson for us. Sometimes we are doing things that we feel led by God to do and just as soon as we start doing them we encounter opposition. That may make some people question whether God really wants them to do it. Obstacles in fulfillment of our purpose shouldn’t deter us or cause us to turn aside.
RD: Right. Even if we are doing exactly what God wants us to do we can and should expect to encounter opposition from the world, the flesh, and the devil. Overcoming opposition is a part of fulfilling God’s plans for our lives. And that is why it matters that the story of Joshua’s conquest is true. Humanly speaking Joshua and his soldiers may or may not have been able to ultimately breach Jericho’s walls. But they sure weren’t going to do it in a matter of days – more like months or maybe years. And in the meantime they would have had to worry about counterattacks from the surrounding Canaanite cities and tribes. It was vital for Joshua to keep the momentum going. But he couldn’t do that on his own. He needed God’s help. And because the story in Joshua chapter 6 is true then we can be confident he got the help he needed. And it gives us hope we can receive help from that same God when we need it.
VK: But if the story of Joshua’s conquest of Jericho is just a legend why would that give us any hope. We might be able to learn lessons from stories – Jesus used parable to teach - but if we want real hope we need examples, real examples, of when our God came to the aid of His people. That’s one thing we get from the story of Jericho. But we only get that if the story is real history.
RD: Right. The story of Joshua and Jericho tells us that we don’t have to be discouraged when we encounter obstacles in our lives of service to the Lord and others. The Lord knows of the obstacle long before we encounter it. And the story of Joshua and Jericho tells us that it doesn’t matter whether, from our viewpoint, the obstacle seems insurmountable. As Jesus said in Luke, chapter 18, verse 27, “What is impossible with man is possible with God.” Joshua learned this lesson at the very start of the actual conquest of the land. This must have increased his confidence in what was coming next. And there was going to be plenty of continuing opposition as they moved forward. But right up front Joshua and the people – and we – learned that obedience to God produced delivery from the world. As you said, that’s a lesson we still need today – especially as we face a culture that is increasingly trying to build walls to keep the church and the gospel out of their walled cities and away from the things they treasure. We are not conquerors but we are more than conquerors when we don’t depend on our own strength but on the Lord’s.
VK: And that is why we all need to be fully persuaded that the Bible is true. And verifying for ourselves that the Bible’s history is accurate is one step in that process of persuasion. And knowing a little bit about archeology can help us with that process. Archeology may or may not interest us as a subject. But we must know enough to be able to intelligently rebut the world’s claim that the Bible is a book that gets a few things right but most things wrong. Our faith may or may not hang in the balance. But the faith of our children, families, and friends may. So, we must do our part to be able to defend their faith from the assaults that will inevitably come. Knowing a little bit about archeology can help with this greater goal. This sounds like a great time to pray. Today let’s listen to a prayer for our friends. Most of us may not be called to be missionaries in far-away lands but we are all called to be missionaries to the people in our families and communities.
---- PRAYER FOR FRIENDS (JUNE)
VK: We’d like to remind our audience that a lot of our radio episodes are linked together in series of topics so if they missed any episodes or if they just want to hear one again, all of these episodes are available on your favorite podcast app. To find them just search on “Anchored by Truth by Crystal Sea Books.”
If you’d like to hear more, try out crystalseabooks.com where “We’re not perfect but our Boss is!”
(Bible Quote from the New Living Translation)
Joshua, Chapter 6, verses 20 through 23, New Living Translation

The walls of Jericho (creation.com)
Jericho archaeology after Joshua (creation.com)