Vibrant colours disguise hidden dangers in the depth’s of Yellowstone’s hot springs. Despite the deadly temperatures, microbial life still thrives in the boiling, mineral-rich waters. In this episode we look at the mechanisms behind the hot springs and geysers, and how tiny creatures thrive where others dare not go.Further Reading:https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/news/hydrothermal-deposits-record-climate-changes-yellowstonehttps://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/news/hydrothermal-puzzles-lakes-lower-geyser-basinhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4250479https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/fumaroles.htmhttps://www.nps.gov/articles/thermophile-yell.htmhttps://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/b1444https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/hot-springs.htmhttps://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/botany/chapter/thermus-aquaticus/http://www.ncsociology.org/torchmagazine/v931/coppinger.pdfhttps://enviro2.doe.gov.my/ekmc/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/1385557763-3-s2.0-B0122268652002704-main.pdfhttps://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/life-in-the-extreme-terrestrial-hot-springs/https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/thermophiles-in-time-and-space.htmhttps://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/news/where-pigment-ends-photosynthetic-fringe-and-upper-temperature-limit#newshttps://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/news/which-more-hazardous-yellowstone-visitors-wildlife-or-hot-springs Sound Credits:Intro/Outro music “Americana” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Hydrothermal sound effects:Yellowstone Sound Library via nps.gov and Artlist.ioGeneral flowing water sound effects:Ivo Vicic via Artlist.ioThis episode was produced on Anaiwan land, and we acknowledge that this land was never ceded. We recognise and respect the ongoing culture and community of the Anaiwan people, and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including Elders past, present, and emerging. In acknowledging the traditional custodians of our lands, we also acknowledge the First Nations people of the Americas, some of whose ancestral lands are now known as Yellowstone. 27 Tribes have ancestral and modern ties to this land, and we acknowledge their history, and extend our respect to their people and elders also.

Deep beneath Yellowstone lies a magma chamber, above which is the vast Yellowstone Caldera. Sometimes referred to as a supervolcano, the caldera lies atop the Yellowstone hotspot, and has inspired many an imagination. Although the volcano has erupted in the past, how will future eruptions affect the region – and the world? Further reading:https://www.newscientist.com/article/2349550-yellowstone-supervolcano-contains-twice-as-much-melted-rock-as-thought/https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/what-is-a-supervolcano.htmlhttps://www.usgs.gov/news/a-personal-commentary-why-i-dislike-term-supervolcano-and-what-we-should-be-saying-insteadhttps://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/news/thermal-infrared-remote-sensing-yellowstone-301-thermal-metricshttps://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/about-volcanoeshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-secrets-of-supervolca/https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/modeling-ash-distribution-yellowstone-supereruption-2014https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/five-things-most-people-get-wrong-about-yellowstone-volcano-2015 Sound Credits:Intro/Outro music “Americana” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/General volcanic ambienceUnrealsfx via Artlist.ioSam Fourie via Artlist.ioEytan Krief via Artlist.io This episode was produced on Anaiwan land, and we acknowledge that this land was never ceded. We recognise and respect the ongoing culture and community of the Anaiwan people, and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including Elders past, present, and emerging. In acknowledging the traditional custodians of our lands, we also acknowledge the First Nations people of the Americas, some of whose ancestral lands are now known as Yellowstone. 27 Tribes have ancestral and modern ties to this land, and we acknowledge their history, and extend our respect to their people and elders also.

Life flourishes in Yellowstone. From the tiniest songbird to the mighty elk, and everything in between, nature has struck a delicate balance. But what happens when that balance is disturbed? In this episode we explore the complex relationships between predator and prey, and why they are so vital to the health of an ecosystem.Further Reading: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0574-4#change-history https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607235/ https://www.jstor.org/stable/3873026 http://www.yellowstonegrizzlyproject.org/home/anomalies-of-reproduction-acrimonious-behavior-of-a-mother-bear https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/yellowstone-science-24-1-celebrating-20-years-of-wolves.htm https://www.yellowstonewolf.org/yellowstone_wolf_recent_research.php Sound Credits: Intro/Outro music"Americana" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Wolf pup noises: Altered Sound Effects Youtube (Used under Creative Commons CC-By) https://www.youtube.com/@alteredsoundeffects General ambience and animal sounds: Yellowstone Sound Library via nps.gov and Artlist.io Ivo Vicic via Artlist.ioDeadly Sound via Artlist.ioArtlist Foley via Artlist.ioThis episode was produced on Anaiwan land, and we acknowledge that this land was never ceded. We recognise and respect the ongoing culture and community of the Anaiwan people, and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including Elders past, present, and emerging. In acknowledging the traditional custodians of our lands, we also acknowledge the First Nations people of the Americas, some of whose ancestral lands are now known as Yellowstone. 27 Tribes have ancestral and modern ties to this land, and we acknowledge their history, and extend our respect to their people and elders also.

Yellowstone's legacy spans nearly eleven thousand years. With such a history, it's no wonder that America's first National Park has captured the attention of so many people around the world.In this limited docuseries, we'll be exploring the delicate balance of an ecosystem, the geology behind hot springs and supervolanoes, and the human history of the park. Follow along each week as we transport you deep into the heart of Yellowstone. music: Americana Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/