In this illuminating prelude episode, we set the stage for our deep dive into the complex tapestry of the Palestine-Israel conflict. Join us as we unravel the origins and ideological underpinnings of Zionism, the driving force behind the establishment of the state of Israel. From the early pioneers to the philosophical roots, we provide a quick but comprehensive overview, laying the groundwork for a nuanced understanding of the historical narrative. This episode serves as a gateway, offering essential insights into the genesis of Zionism and its role in shaping the intricate dynamics that continue to shape the region. Tune in to grasp the foundations that will guide our exploration through the unfolding chapters of this compelling historical saga. further readings: 1) Sand, S. (2014). The invention of the land of israel - from holy land to homeland. Orca Book Services.https://www.amazon.com/Invention-Land-Israel-Holy-Homeland/dp/1781680833 2) THOMPSON, G. (2022). Legacy of empire: Britain’s support of Zionism and the creation of Israel. SAQI BOOKS.https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Empire-Britain-Zionism-Creation/dp/0863564828 3) PAPPE, I. (2024). Ten myths about Israel. VERSO BOOKS.https://www.amazon.com/Myths-About-Israel-Ilan-Pappe/dp/1786630192 4) Laqueur, W. (1972). A history of Zionism. Amazon. https://www.amazon.com/History-Zionism-French-Revolution-Establishment/dp/0805211497  Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World EndsTiktok: convo_btwe

In this episode, we share our reasons for taking a break from our podcast due to the mental toll of the Gaza situation. As Palestinians living abroad, we feel deeply connected to our homeland and our people who are suffering under the brutal Israeli occupation and blockade. We also feel helpless and frustrated by the lack of international action and media coverage of the ongoing genocide in Gaza. We also urge our listeners to support the people of Gaza by donating to trusted organizations that provide humanitarian aid, medical care, and education. We provide some links and resources for you to learn more and get involved. Thank you for your understanding and solidarity. We hope to resume our podcast soon.If you cant support then please  call for political action and share awareness.Donations: - https://pcrf1.app.neoncrm.com/forms/gaza-relief- https://www.palestinercs.org/en/Donation- https://www.map.org.uk/donate/donateInsta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

In this chilling episode, we journey back to the dawn of one of the most catastrophic centuries in European history. The year is 1315, and a famine of unprecedented scale grips the continent, marking the beginning of a century of despair. Unrelenting rains lead to failed harvests, and soon, the eerie silence of empty markets is replaced by the desperate cries of the starving. This Great Famine, a grim harbinger of the trials to come, would forever alter the course of history. As we navigate through this bleak period, we’ll also explore its far-reaching impacts, including how it sowed the seeds for stories that resonate even today, such as the haunting tale of Hansel and Gretel. Join us as we uncover the chilling realities and enduring influences of the Great Famine.”Notes:- - “The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the Early Fourteenth Century” by William Chester Jordan- “The Third Horsemen: A Story of Weather, War and the Famine History Forgot” by William RosenInsta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

What if I told you that there is a place in Turkey that is older than the pyramids, Stonehenge, and even civilization itself? A place that was built by hunter-gatherers who had no writing, no metal tools, and no farming. A place that was abandoned and buried for thousands of years, until it was rediscovered in the 20th century. A place that challenges everything we thought we knew about the origins of religion, art, and society.Welcome to Gobekli Tepe, the world's first temple.In this episode, we will explore the mysteries and wonders of this ancient site, where giant stone pillars are carved with animals and humans, forming circular enclosures that may have been used for rituals and ceremonies. We will learn about the people who built it, how they did it, and why they did it. We will also discuss the latest theories and discoveries that shed light on this enigmatic sanctuary and its role in the dawn of civilization.Join us as we travel back in time to Gobekli Tepe, the lost world of the hunter-gatherers.Notes:- Kropacek, Nicholas. "Lost Civilisations of Anatolia: Göbekli Tepe." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 08 Dec 2020. Web. 11 Sep 2023.- Curry, Andrew. “An immense mystery older than Stonehenge.” BBC Travel, 16 Aug. 2021, https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210815-an-immense-mystery-older-than-stonehenge.- Schmidt, Klaus. Göbekli Tepe: A Stone Age Sanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia. Ex Oriente e.V., 20121.- Mardon, Austin A., et al. Göbekli Tepe: A Glimpse into Humanity’s Distant Past. Golden Meteorite Press, 20211.Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

Beer is one of the oldest and most popular beverages in human history, dating back to the ancient Mesopotamians who brewed it from grains, water, and yeast. Beer was considered a divine gift, a daily necessity, and a source of joy and wisdom by various cultures, such as the Egyptians, the Greeks, the Romans, and the northern Europeans. Beer also influenced the art, literature, religion, economy, and law of these civilizations, as well as their interactions with each other. Join us as we explore the origins and evolution of beer in ancient times, and discover how this beverage shaped the lives and cultures of our ancestors. Cheers to history in a glass!Notes: - -The beer of yesteryearhttps://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2010/oct/27/old-ale-beer-history-Beer in the Ancient Worldhttps://www.worldhistory.org/article/223/beer-in-the-ancient-world/#ci_related_filters=type:2&page:1-The Hymn to Ninkasi, Goddess of Beerhttps://www.worldhistory.org/article/222/the-hymn-to-ninkasi-goddess-of-beer/- Mark, Joshua J.. "Beer in Ancient Egypt." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 16 Mar 2017. Web. 23 Aug 2023.Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

Who was the real Cleopatra? Throughout history, Cleopatra has been the subject of various interpretations. She has been depicted in different forms, including as an asteroid, a video game character, and a symbol associated with Elizabeth Taylor. Shakespeare famously acknowledged Cleopatras complexity, but the true details of her appearance remain elusive. Coin portraits from her time, likely approved by Cleopatra herself, are the most reliable sources.Cleopatras legacy is often remembered for the wrong reasons. She was a capable and astute ruler, skilled in military matters and adept at governance. In an era where women rulers were not uncommon, Cleopatra stood out as the sole female leader who played a significant role in Western affairs. She possessed immense wealth and enjoyed a level of prestige unparalleled by her contemporaries. Despite her accomplishments, Cleopatra is often mischaracterized as a seductive temptress, reflecting societys tendency to diminish genuinely powerful women.Cleopatras alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony shaped her reign and ignited a love affair that captivated the ancient world. Well unravel the complexities of her relationships and examine the dynamics of power and influence between her and these two powerful Roman figures. Her interactions with them would seal her fate and impact the course of history.Among historys most famous women, Cleopatra VII reigned over Egypt for twenty-two eventful years. She experienced the loss and regaining of her kingdom, the expansion and loss of her empire, and held immense power and influence. From a young age, Cleopatra captivated attention and was subject to speculation and rumors. At the height of her rule, she controlled a vast territory, making her the last significant Egyptian ruler. Cleopatras personal life also attracted attention, as she had children with married men and ultimately met a sudden and sensational demise at the age of thirty-nine.In todays episode of A Conversation Before the World Ends, we delve deep into the captivating story of Cleopatra VII, the last queen of Egypt. Join us as we uncover the secrets, the betrayals, and the triumphs of a woman who defied expectations, challenged empires, and left an indelible mark on history. Our journey takes us through the opulent courts of Alexandria, the treacherous political landscape of ancient Rome, and the scorching sands of Egypt, as we explore the life and reign of one of historys most intriguing figures.Further Reading/Notes:-  Schiff, Stacy (2011) Cleopatra: A Life. Back Bay Books - Strauss, Barry (2022) The War That Made the Roman Empire: Antony, Cleopatra and Octavian at Actium. Simon Schuster-Tyldesley, Joyce (2010) Cleopatra, Last Queen of Egypt. Profile BooksInsta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

In this gripping episode, we delve into a pivotal moment in modern history—the entry of America into Iraq. Join us as we explore the circumstances, motivations, and repercussions surrounding the controversial decision that shaped the geopolitical landscape for years to come.We begin by setting the stage, providing a comprehensive overview of the factors that led to America's decision to invade Iraq in 2003. From the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks to the perceived threat of weapons of mass destruction, we dissect the events and political climate that culminated in this momentous military campaign.Furthermore, we address the controversies surrounding the intelligence failures regarding weapons of mass destruction, the lack of a coherent post-invasion plan, and the subsequent sectarian violence that engulfed Iraq. We also examine the impact of the war on the global stage, including strained international relations and the rise of new extremist groups.Finally, we reflect on the lasting legacy of America's entry into Iraq. We explore the long-term consequences, such as the destabilization of the region, the refugee crisis, and the shift in power dynamics that still reverberate today. Join us as we delve deep into this crucial chapter in American and global history, unearthing the complexities, controversies, and lasting effects of America's entry into Iraq.Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

In this compelling episode, we delve into the dramatic events surrounding the Desert Storm military campaign and the subsequent imposition of sanctions on Iraq. Join us as we explore the far-reaching consequences of these interconnected events and shed light on the complex dynamics that unfolded during this critical period.We start by setting the stage with the build-up to Desert Storm, examining the geopolitical tensions, territorial disputes, and power struggles that ultimately led to the military intervention. We dive into the military strategies, key players involved, and the impact of the campaign on the region.Following Desert Storm, we shift our focus to the punitive measures imposed on Iraq through international sanctions. We examine the motivations behind the sanctions, the goals they aimed to achieve, and the controversies surrounding their implementation. We explore the economic, social, and humanitarian ramifications faced by the Iraqi people as a result of these measures.Moreover, we investigate the geopolitical implications of these events, delving into the strained relationships between Iraq and the international community. We analyze how the sanctions affected Iraq's regional standing, its relationship with neighboring countries, and the broader dynamics in the Middle East.As we reflect on the lasting impact of Desert Storm and the sanctions on Iraq, we also address the controversies and debates that have arisen in the aftermath. We examine differing viewpoints on the effectiveness, ethics, and unintended consequences of these interventions, inviting listeners to critically engage with this complex chapter of history.Join us on this enlightening journey as we unravel the intertwined narratives of Desert Storm and the subsequent sanctions on Iraq, exploring their profound implications on the region, its people, and the broader global order.Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

So where did we leave of "We really had the T's crossed on what was happening," says James Critchfield, the head of the agency in the Middle East which organized it. "We regarded it as a great victory." When we left Iraq it was during the February Coup which was organized by the Ba’ath party in 1963 and this would be the last time an Iraqi would lost their grip on the country without a full on foreign invasion. Iraqis always suspected that the Coup of 63 was engineered by the CIA in much the same way they had restored the Shah into power in 1953. The only difference was the Iraq coup was a lot bloodier which ended with their President General Abdel-Karim Qasim being tied to a chair and shot dead. Now the CIA didn’t really end there, they also played a role in preparing a shitlist of those who should be eliminated after the coup to solidify the Ba’athist regime. As the CIA lists reached Baghdad the result was a massacre of extraordinary ferocity. Pregnant women and old men were killed, some tortured to death in front of their children. It was the height of the Cold War. The CIA had just tried and failed to orchestrate the overthrow of Fidel Castro in Cuba by a rebel invasion force. America was increasing its involvement in Vietnam, where it similarly backed the elimination of 20,000 communists and anti-government sympathizers by assassination squads under the CIA's Phoenix program. A similar CIA- backed purge was about to be carried out in Indonesia.The foreign base for the Iraqi coup was Kuwait, something Saddam Hussein may have remembered when he invaded the emirate in 1990. King Hussein of Jordan, who had close relations with the CIA, says that during the planning phase of the coup "many meetings were held between the Ba'ath party and American intelligence - the most critical ones in Kuwait." King Hussein of Jordan would tell Egyptian writer Mohammad Heikal that on the day of the coup, a secret radio broadcast was made from Kuwait “that relayed the name and addressed of the communists to those that carried out the coup. Iraq would drop the claim that Kuwait was there’s for the time being. On Tonight’s episode of a conversation before the world ends we are venturing part to Iraq but this time under the control of the Ba’ath party and most notably Saddam Hussein. We will learn about his upbringing, the party that took him in, His purge to supremacy and the conflicts that would make him Super Villain No. 1 and the role that the US played in all that. Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

On march 20th 2003. The most powerful military in the world announced that will go into Iraq to get rid of a bad guy and this would be the beginning of a new new  world order. The Bush administration made it abundantly clear that this was the idea. Ofc the invasion fell to shambles and the war in Iraq became the biggest stain on Bush’s legacy at least until he left. It became the 21st century Vietnam. Pulling human lives, neighboring countries and trillions upon trillions of dollars into this black hole changing the trajectory of not only both countries but also the Middle east and the entire world forever On today’s episode of A Conversation Before The World ends the first of a series where we will be venturing to Iraq and not just talk about the war on Iraq but the events that took place in Iraq in the last century. From the post-ottoman-to the rise of Saddam-to the first and Second Gulf war and try to understand how and why did this war take place and could it have been avoided.Notes:https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1958/12/the-lesson-of-iraq/306494/?utm_source=copy-link&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=sharehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/iraqs-unruly-century-82706606/?utm_source=pocket_saveshttps://countrystudies.us/iraq/18.htm?utm_source=pocket_savesUnholy Babylon : the secret history of Saddam's war by Darwish, Adel; Alexander, Gregory “Our last occupation,” Jonathan Glancey, The Guardian, 2003.Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

On todays’ episode on a conversation before the world ends. We will be looking at the Lost Civilization of the Indus Valley and How did this civilization emerge? Was it an indigenous development from the neighboring Baluchistan? Was it stimulated by the growth of Mesopotamia? What kind of system did it operate in where there is no palaces, royal graves, temples, rulers or priests? Why is there no evidence of warfare? Was there a religion? Was it a precursor to Hinduism? And lastly why did the Indus Valley decline after 1900 BC and why did it vanish from the historical records?  Notes:Mark, Joshua J.. "Indus Valley Civilization." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified October 07, 2020. https://www.worldhistory.org/Indus_Valley_Civilization/.The Indus: Lost Civilizations: Robinson, Andrew: 9781780235028: Amazon.com: Books. (2015, December 15). The Indus: Lost Civilizations: Robinson, Andrew: 9781780235028: Amazon.com: Books. https://www.amazon.com/Indus-Lost-Civilizations-Andrew-Robinson/dp/178023502XMusic:-India Theme - Ancient (Civilization 6 OST) | Vaishnava Jana ToThe instrumental version of Red Alert 3 Theme (Soviet March) by James HanniganMOHENJO DARO: A Song of Mystery? | Shail VyasInsta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

All saint’s day, November 1, morning in 1755, something occurred that changed the trajectory of not only his life but also that of the Portuguese Empire. On today’s episode of A Conversation Before the World Ends, we will be venturing back to 1755, at height of the Portuguese empire and look at the earthquake that shook the empire and the world. Our thoughts go out to all those affected by earthquakes in Syria and TurkeyLinks to Donations for Syria and Turkey:- -  https://www.akut.org.tr/en/donation-  https://giving.unhcr.org/en/sy/-  https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/stories/oxfam-mounting-response-to-massive-earthquake-in-t%C3%BCrkiye-and-syria/- https://donation.ifrc.org/?campaign=3f5f91aa-e8da-e911-80e2-0050560100a8- https://ahbap.org/- https://my.care.org/site/Donation2?36068.donation=form1&df_id=36068&mfc_pref=T&s_src=172320TSEM00&s_subsrc=FY23FEBTSEQEMRMOInsta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

The year is 376, summer. A massive number of Goths arrived at the Danube River. The once long-standing frontier of the roman empire. The goths who were a mix or changing confederation of different tribes. For a more than a century the goths had been in some way, or another exposed to the romans, if it’s through fighting, trading and on occasions the romans would recruit the goths as soldiers to serve them in faraway places such Syria and Palestine. When the goths came to the borders of the Roman Empire, they were not coming as invaders or planning to take over but rather they came as refugees and migrants, who had run from their lives from their settlements. They were two groups. The Thervings led by Fritigern and Alavivus and another group is Greuthungi led by Alatheus and Saphrax. Numbering at about 90,000 civilians. The goths requested permission to the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens, and many did but this let to a food shortage and the Thervings began to starve with many goths resulting to sell many of their children into slavery for dog meat. This led to a rebellion by the migrant goths leading to an assault on Marcianople leading to the death of Alavivus. This kicked off a series of battles such as the battle of Adrianople where Emperor Valen falls on the battlefield that would eventually begin the downfall of Rome. But what led to the migration of the goths to the borders of Rome. Leaving behind their homes and livelihoods. What brought the goths into conflict with Rome and who were the HUNS, a group so feared that the goths would rather fight Rome than go back Music by:- -Aetas Romana composed and arranged by Adrian von ZieglerNotes:-  TREE RING STUDY SUGGESTS DROUGHT ENCOURAGED ATTILA’S HUNS TO ATTACK THE ROMAN EMPIRE- https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/12/tree-ring-study-suggests-drought-encouraged-attilas-huns-to-attack-the-roman-empire/145540-The Goths and the Huns: The Barbarian Pressure on Rome https://www.wondriumdaily.com/the-goths-and-the-huns-the-barbarian-pressure-on-rome/?utm_source=pocket_reader-Hakenbeck, S., & Büntgen, U. (2022). The role of drought during the Hunnic incursions into central-east Europe in the 4th and 5th c. CE. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 1-21. doi:10.1017/S1047759422000332- Mark, J. J. (2018, April 25). Huns. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Huns/Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

Historian Tony Judt once said in a New York Times article in 1998 that “Each age has its Cliché. Ours in the third way”.  The 1990s were always at least in popular memory considered the nonpolitical decade. The Soviet Union dissolved effectively, bringing the end to the cold war. Fukuyama wrote that “"not just ... the passing of a particular period of post-war history, but the end of history as such: That is, the end-point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government”.  This was the birth of new world order as British Prime Minister Tony Blair would announce “Not old Left or new right but a new center and center-left governing philosophy for the future”.  The 1990s would see Tony Blair and Bill Clinton along with other euro leaders would attend a series of international retreats. In October 1998, Anthony Giddens published his The Third Way.  A 150 page manifesto which was a call for a “renewal of Social Democracy” not right or left but forward. It would usher in a new economy, new labor, new democrats, nu metal, a new middle. But what was this new vision. The third way drew skeptical appraisals from both the right and left. Who argued that it was a vague and ambiguous statement. The Economist derisively stated in 1998, “Trying to pin down an exact meaning is like wrestling an inflatable man. If you get a grip on one limb, all the hot air rushes to another.” Jeff Faux of the Economic Policy Institute likewise noted that while “Clinton and Blair are two of the most articulate politicians of the age…their definitions of the third way leave the observer without a clue as to what it means.”What is the third way? And how this new centrism ideology of the 90s change politics 30 years on. Welcome to a conversation before the worlds ends and today we will be looking at the Third Way. Background Music by  Karl Casey @ White Bat AudioOutro Music provided by Free Music TunesTrack: We're Wolves - Break Stuff (Limp Bizkit Cover)Link: https://youtu.be/ng7dSG7sCYINotes:- How the Third Way Made Neoliberal Politics Seem Inevitable-https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/third-way-dlc-bill-clinton-tony-blair-1990s-politics/How the Democrats Traded the New Deal for Neoliberalism-https://jacobin.com/2022/07/democratic-party-neoliberalism-dlc-clintonA brief history of the third way-https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/feb/10/labour.uk1How the Democrats Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Free Market-https://jacobin.com/2022/07/new-democrats-blue-centrist-clintonism-welfare-reformLeft Behind: The Democrats' Failed Attempt to Solve Inequality-https://a.co/d/5oxMGlpInsta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

As we bow out of 2022, we also bring our season 1 to a close. Thank you to everyone who gave us a listen! Let it be 1 episode or all the episodes. whether you just started listening to us or were with us from August. We truly love you and appericiate the time you dedicated to listen to us talking about topics we were passionate about. 2023 can only bring bigger and brighter things and we hope you'll join us for the ride. First episode of Season 2 will drop on 11th of Jan 2023. Hope we can see you thenInsta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

The year was 1177 BC. The 8th year of Ramses III’s reign  a group of people set up camp in Canaan and would use this as a launch point for their attacks. Coming in from the land and sea. They had no uniform. Each group wears different headdresses from feathered ones to skull caps. Some wore beards and kilts, others wore garments.  Armed with everything from bronze swords to wooden spears, bows and arrows. They came on boats, wagons. Sometimes alone, other times with their families.According to Ramses’ inscription, no country was able to fend off this mass warring people. Resistance was futile.  The Hittites, Mycenaeans, the Canaanites, the Cypriots fell one by one. If you survived, you fled the carnage, others tried to pick up what remained from the ruined the nation; others joined the invaders. Outside of Egypt, all the other powers that would make up the bronze age would disappear, if not immediately than within the next 50 to 100 years. It was the end of the civilization. But could they have been attributed for the destruction of the bronze age? And who were these people? Were they some sort of ancient crusades. Disciplined with a goal in mind? Were they a group of loosely assembled marauders, the Vikings of the ancient world? Perhaps refugees seeking new land? Perhaps a combination of all the above. On today’s episode on A conversation Before the World Ends, we will be looking at the collapse of the Late Bronze Age and the “Perfect storm” that brewed in 1177 BC: The Year civilization came to an end. Music:-"Darren Curtis - Temple of Endless Sands" is under a Creative Commons (cc-by) licenseMusic promoted by BreakingCopyright: https://bit.ly/b-egyptianNotes:Eric H. Cline, "1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed" | https://amzn.to/2ClWgpORobert Drews, "The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C." | https://amzn.to/2CkJ7NCWhat Caused the Bronze Age Collapse? | https://www.history.com/news/bronze-age-collapse-causesInsta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

To all those that disappeared and their families. We hope you'll eventually find solace and peaceThe idea of sports and politics don’t mix isn’t always enforced, it’s hard to keep them apart. From ancient times, the idea of politics and sports have always been interlinked. From ancient Greeks would take apart in games in which city states would send their best athletes to compete against one another. The Mayans held a similar practice too and this is no more evident than football, where the world cup from its inception was riddled with agendas, deals and power plays. From a petty gestures such as Uruguay’s boycott of 1934 world cup in Italy over how it felt that most of the European teams never showed up when they hosted it 4 years prior to matters of principle as when the Soviet Union refused to play Chile away during a 1973 qualification play-off at the same stadium where Pinochet had left wing prisoners executed. When the 2018 world cup was announced that it will take part in Russia, every one felt uneased by the fact it was taking place in an oppressive country that had just annexed parts of Ukraine and Georgia that also has links with putting down any criticisms and or political opponents with people harking back to when the Olympics were hosted in Berlin in 1936. If the boycotts against Russia felt half-hearted than the same cannot be said about 1978. The boycotts came in early and with convictions. It almost worked.  On June 1st 1978, at the el monumental stadium in Buenos Aries, A couple hundred children moved into their positions. The children spelled out Argentina ’78 before the words Mundial FIFA. A flock of what looked more like pigeons was released into the sky and the world cup was underway. General Jorge Rafael Videla, the leader of Argentina’s ruling military Junta stood and announced to 80,000 people would be played under the sign of peace. In an hearing distance of the stadiums drums, a mile away from the campus of Navy Petty Officers School Mechanics, the Military’s makeshift torture camp was operating where any and all dissidents were taken to. The Disappeared. A term used to describe the victims of State Sponsored terrorism and while this was happening the world cup continued. The sounds of steel drums and crowds roaring heard by tortured prisoners down the street.Outro provided by Canal Encuentrohttps://www.youtube.com/@encuentro/aboutMusic: Dark Crimes by SoundridemusicCopyright: GOLOVACH, VOLODYMYRPublisher: Songtrust Blvd IPI #615755145P.R.O.: IPI# 00382646438Link to Video: https://youtu.be/BEVg8Chp9OENotes:Remembering Argentina 1978: The Dirtiest World Cup Of All Time https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/a21454856/argentina-1978-world-cup/he dark story of the murderous dictatorship behind Argentina's 1978 World Cup winhttps://www.goal.com/en-sa/news/the-dark-story-of-the-dictatorship-behind-argentinas-1978-world-cup-win/1k53qqcgt7r8q19xcawarwgslsArgentina's 1978 World Cup win against Peru was fixed in a brutal political deal, former senator sayshttps://shortest.link/9kiuKissinger approved Argentinian 'dirty war'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/dec/06/argentina.usaArgentina’s bittersweet winhttps://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-jun-28-fg-mundial28-story.htmlHenry Kissinger and football’s longest unsolved riddlehttps://www.channel4.com/news/dr-henry-kissinger-and-footballs-longest-unsolved-riddleInsta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

Today, the term "Terrible" can refer to anything from a very lousy dinner to a catastrophic calamity that kills millions. When it was conferred on Russian tsar Ivan IV in the 16th century, it explicitly meant 'awe-inspiring,' 'mighty,' and 'formidable.' However, if we look at the reign of one of the most paranoid, violent, and unpredictable individuals to control the country, then the current term of 'very awful' isn't that far off the mark after all. So, what was it that made Ivan so Terrible?Notes: - 1- Ivan the Terrible by  Isabel de Madariaga https://www.amazon.com/Ivan-Terrible-Isabel-Madariaga/dp/03001197392- Fearful Majesty: The Life and Reign of Ivan the Terrible by Benson Bobrickhttps://www.amazon.com/Fearful-Majesty-Life-Reign-Terrible/dp/18801008433- Ivan the Terrible by Robert Payne https://www.amazon.com/Ivan-Terrible-Robert-Payne/dp/0815412290Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

It’s no secret that we are going through a new golden age of horror films.  Horror movies have for the most part been critical and financial darlings. With some ending up on the top 10 lists across respectable publications covering a plethora of different concepts and topics from cult leaders to religious hysteria, aliens killing toddlers, demons killing toddles, toddlers killing parents. But What is horror? Is it fearing things that bump in the night? Is it the mourned howls of the dead that come with the wind. These have haunted the human consciousness as far back as we developed something called consciousness. The last two episode we tackled two topics that seem to predate written history: the unwelcome return of something beyond our senses. There is a theory that I have ascribed to. That everything we have achieved and have not achieved stems from the threat of death. The terror of death. From religion to sexual desire. The urge of facing death or cheating death seems to be as primal. Does the fear of death drive us? The depiction of death in art has been around since the start of cave paintings to the movie screens. But did that constitute as horror?Horror, as a term first appears in early 14th century, which means “feeling of disgust or sordid and vulgar”. And once Gothic Romanticism appeared in the late 18th century, the word horror showed up in prose. Where the term would get more of its modern meaning. In Robert Southey’s poem To Horror where he echoes his love to the eerie, Nathan Drake used the word interchangeably with disgust.How did this word become associated with fear and how Horror movies for the most part have been shaped by our changes in society, culture, politics and technology but to understand the evolution of horror movies and monsters we are going to have to go back to the origins of the horror genre in films. on tonight’s episode we will be looking at horror films, how they highlighted and manifested our greatest fears. Notes:-How The Horror Genre Reflects Societal Fears Throughout Timehttp://scribe.usc.edu/how-the-horror-genre-reflects-societal-fears-throughout-time/HISTORICISM IN “THE SHINING” – BY FREDRIC JAMESONhttps://scrapsfromtheloft.com/movies/historicism-in-the-shining/100 Years of Horror: Culture Shock: The Influence of History on Horrorhttps://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/20853/100-years-of-horror-culture-shock-the-influence-of-history-on-horror/Why the 1980s Is the Best Decade for Horrorhttps://www.thefilmagazine.com/why-1980s-horror-is-the-best/How Horror Reflects Societal Fearshttps://www.thereviewgeek.com/howhorrorreflectssocietalfears-article/Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe

The notion of exorcisms have lingered in the zeitgeist so insistently along those religious and superstitious. The idea that a malicious spirit or demon would take control of your body, your vessel, suppressing the soul might sound outdated to some but for others the devil is real and he is everywhere. He’s influencing you to do yoga, seducing you to the dark realm through your television, speaking to you through music but how did this medieval phenomenon make a come back in the 20th and 21st century.  Was it the fault of one 1973 film? Joseph Laycock, the editor of the Penguin book of Exorcism explained, in modern US, exorcism was once rare…all this changed after 1973 when the exorcist created a massive demand Further Reading:Poole W. S. (2009) Satan in America: The Devil We Know. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Chambers, A. C. (2021). ‘Somewhere between science and superstition’: Religious outrage, horrific science, and The Exorcist (1973). History of the Human Sciences, 34(5), 32–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211004465@Salon. “Vatican Unleashes Exorcist for Campaign of Crazy | Salon.com.” Vatican Unleashes Exorcist for Campaign of Crazy, 17 Mar. 2010, www.salon.com/2010/03/17/catholic_exorcist_blames_satan.Elwes, Jay. “The Insatiable Human Appetite for Exorcism.” The Insatiable Human Appetite for Exorcism, Mar. 2010, www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/society-and-culture/the-insatiable-human-appetite-for-exorcism-laycock-review.Insta: @convo_btweTwitter: convo_btweFacebook: A Conversation Before the World Ends Tiktok: convo_btwe