I. Introduction What are the Last Days?Old Testament View of the Last DaysNew Testament View of the Last Days II. Christ’s Second Coming There will be a personal, visible, bodily return of Christ.The time of Christ’s coming is unknown.Christians should yearn eagerly for Christ’s return.III. The Resurrection of the Body The Bible represents the resurrection of believers and unbelievers as occurring together.The Bible teaches that believers will be raised at the time of Christ’s Second Coming, which time is called “the last day.”IV. The Final Judgment Christ will be the judge.Unbelievers will be judged and condemned to eternal punishment.Believers will be judged according to our works. Our deeds are not the basis of our salvation, they are the evidence of our salvation. They are not foundation, they are demonstration.Matthew 25:31-46, Luke 19:12-19V. The New Heaven and New Earth All Nations Are Blessed.God Dwelling with His People.Eternal Rest for God’s PeopleEternal Home for God’s People

Class 12: Overlap of the Ages Part 2 Big Idea: Biblical theology is the discipline of learning how to read the Bible as one story by one divine author that culminates in the person and work of Christ, so that every part of Scripture is understood in relation to Christ.   Promise-Fulfillment Blessing to All Nations Genesis 12:1-3Galatians 3:8-9Much Offspring Genesis 17:1-8Galatians 3:23-29 The Witness of the Church The Thread of Witness in Acts: Acts 1:8; Acts 1:22; Acts 11:38-42; Acts 13:28-32a; Acts 26:16-18The Scope of Witness in Acts from Acts 1:8: Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, and the end of the Earth.The Church Witness Among Jerusalem (Acts 1-7) Outpouring of the Holy Spirit (2:1-4)Proclamation to the Jews (2:5-13) Diaspora JewsPartial Fulfillment of Isaiah 43:5-7 (see also Deut. 30:1-4; Isa. 56:6-8, 66:18-23)Koinonia of Believers (3:42-47)Peter and John’s Ministry in Jerusalem Temple (Acts 3)Arrest, Release, and Strengthening of Believers (Acts 4)Growth of Believers (5:12-16)Stephen (Acts 7)The Church Witness Among Judea and Samaria (Acts 8-12) Saul Persecutes the Church (8:1-3)Philip preaches to Samaria (8:4-8)Ethiopian Eunuch Believes (8:26-40)Saul Encounters Jesus, Believes, and is Baptized (9:1-19)Church in Judea, Galilee, and Samaria (9:31)Peter’s Vision and Witness to Gentiles (Acts 10)James Killed, Peter Arrested and Freed (12:1-19)The Church Witness Among the End of the Earth (Acts 13-28) Saul’s First Missionary Journey (13:1-15:40)Paul’s Second Missionary Journey (15:41-18:23)Paul’s Third Missionary Journey – (18:23-21:16)Paul’s Arrest, Trials, and Journey to Rome (21:27-28:31)Acts 28:31 “Therefore let it be known to you that this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles; they will listen.” [Paul] lived there two whole years at his own expense, and welcomed all who came to him, proclaiming the kingdom of God and teaching about the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness and without hindrance.   V. The Witness of the Church Today – 1 Peter 1:3-2:12 The Realities of the Church We have a living hope (1:3)We have an inheritance waiting (1:4-5)The Call of the Church Be holy (1:15-16)Love one another (1:22)Proclaim the excellencies of Christ (2:9)VI. 40 Questions about Biblical Theology – Suggested Reading Question 7 – How Should Biblical Theology Track Promise and FulfillmentQuestion 15 – Does the Bible Have One Central Theme?Question 22 – What is a Biblical Theology of the Covenants?Question 24 – What is a Biblical Theology of the People of God?Question 28 – What is a Biblical Theology of Mission?

I. The Message of the New Testament   God fulfilled His Promises Through ChrisGod Fulfilled His Promises to The New Covenant People.God Will Ultimately Fulfill His Promises in the New Creation.II. The Old Age Is Coming to An End Through the Person of Christ Jesus.     Who is Jesus?Jesus is greater than Moses.Jesus is greater than the Levitical Priesthood.Jesus Conquers Sin and DeathJesus ushers the end of the First Creation. Christ as the New AdamChrist as the first fruit of a new creationII. The Church Age Symbolizes the End of The Old Age and The Dawning of A New Age. Luke 4:18-19Proclaim the Inauguration of the KingdomChrist Jesus established his kingdom through the penal substitutionary atonement and resurrection. New Covenant The fundamental problem with the world and humanity is our sin and the debt it incurs.God promised to circumcise the hearts of sinful humanity. (Jer. 31:31-34)Christ came to die as an effective penal substitute to propitiate the wrath of God and make atonement for his people.We’re saved by faith alone in Christ alone.                2. Spiritual Resurrection RegenerationConversionSanctificationGlorification        D. The Holy Spirit Comes. Acts 2:1-4Acts 8:17Acts 10:44-45

I. Yahweh Cast Israel from the Land, But He Promises Restoration (Jeremiah) The old covenant has failed; not because it itself was defunct, but because the people were not able to keep it due to their sinful hearts.  Therefore a new covenant is needed which will involve new hearts for the people of God.  Destruction of Jerusalem (Jer. 52, Lam. 1-2)The Promise of a New Covenant (Jer. 30-33)Yahweh as the Sole and Incomparable Ruler of Creation and History (Is. 40-48)The New Jerusalem (Is. 62)II. Yahweh Cares For Israel In Captivity (Daniel). The Most High, the God of Daniel, sovereignly rules and reigns supreme over all mankind.  Therefore His people are brave in the face of persecution.  God Gives His People Favor in Nebuchadnezzar’s Court.God Protects His People in Miraculous Ways.God Rules over All.III. Yahweh Returns Israel to the Land (Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai) God is renewing the covenant by restoring His people, the temple, true worship, and Jerusalem.  But it’s not the same, and it doesn’t fulfill all the great prophesies.  Thus His people still look to the future.  Yahweh Stirred Up the King of Persia to send the people home. and the People Responded.The People Return and Rebuild. Nehemiah and the WallsHaggai and the TempleIsrael hears the law, repents, and recommits to the covenant.The people relapse to their old ways (Nehemiah 13 and Malachi 1-3) Breaking the SabbathIntermarriageProfaning the AlterRefusing to Give to the TempleIV. The Coming Messiah (Zechariah and Malachi) The Coming King of Zion Who Will Bring Final Restoration Humbled and Mounted on a donkeyGod’s Servant (Is. 42, 49, 50, 53)Elijah will come first before this day comes.God’s fulfillment to His promises to Adam and Abraham are realized only in the New Testament through Christ

Lesson 8: Government in the Land Part 1    Introduction   Big Idea: Biblical theology is the discipline of learning how to read the Bible as one story by one divine author that culminates in the person and work of Christ, so that every part of Scripture is understood in relation to Christ. (Genesis 12:1-3 ESV)    I. Yahweh Exalted Himself Through the Conquest (Joshua). A. Entered the Promised Land B. Take the Promised Land C. Divide the Promised Land D. Rest in the Promised Land   II. Yahweh Settles Israel In the Land (Judges, Ruth). A. Joshua’s Death B. Failure to Conquer the Land         They did not separate themselves from the CanaanitesThey failed to know the Lord.Lived like the Canaanites C. Cycle of Rebellion, Suffering, Lamentation, and Deliverance Forgetting God and Serving Other gods.God punishes His people because they chose idolatry.Israel cries out to God for refuge.God provides a savior, who restores peace in the land. D. Requiring a Perfect Savior to Maintain Rest in the Land. The Requirement of a Lasting and Faithful Savior Who Leads His People to Obedience.The people need a king. However, what kind of king? “In those days there was no king in Israel. Everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” They need a king who will crush the enemies of God (Josh. 10:24-26). E. God Will Provide A Redeemer (Ruth). The Bitterness of Sin—Ruth 1:11-12, 20The Kindness of Kinsman Redemption—Ruth 4:9-10The Wisdom of God’s Good Plan—Ruth 4:13-17 1. Obed, the Father of Jesse, the Father of David 2. The Mother of the Living       Gen. 3:15       Gen. 17:6-8       Gen. 49:8-10       Is. 9:6-7 The Family Tree of Jesus (Matt. 1) III. Israel’s Rebellion (1 Samuel 1-8) A. We Want A King! B. Decline of Eli C. Rejection of God as King Deut. 17:14-20 1 Samuel 8:1-20 D. The Failure of Human Kings SaulDavidSolomonA Perfect King is Coming!IV. New Testament Perspective  1. Trusting God’s Faithful Savior 2. Trusting God for Rest 3. The Need for Discipline that Leads to Repentance 4. God Provides a Redeemer King. 5. The Greater Kingdom, The Greater Land, and the Greater Rest to Come

Lesson 7: A Nation Redeemed and Commissioned Pt. 2    Introduction   Big Idea: Biblical theology is the discipline of learning how to read the Bible as one story by one divine author that culminates in the person and work of Christ, so that every part of Scripture is understood in relation to Christ. (Genesis 12:1-3 ESV)             I. Major Themes in Exodus 19-40 Yahweh Gave Israel His Law. Exodus 19:4-6: A Holy Nation to Be A Light to the NationsHistorical Contexy             mid 15th century BC, at the foot of Mount Sinai Redemptive-Historical Context            Promises are being fulfilled!   Israel is now directed on how to be Yahweh’s people, who reflect the image of God in a lost world.   Covenant Obligations (Chapters 20-23)   Where do commandments fit into a covenant of grace?   The law teaches God’s people how to image him   Galatians 3:17-19: the law leads us to Christ   Israel is already saved II. Yahweh Provided a Means of Redemption so that they could be near him. Tabernacle (Ex. 25-31) Where atonement for sins is made            Hebrews 9:26 Only through an atonement for sins does anyone have fellowship with God            John 14:6 Where God reveals Himself            Hebrews 1:2 Where God is reconciled with His people            Romans 5:11 Where God’s glory dwells            John 1:14 A physical place for the invisible God to manifest Himself            Colossians 2:9 Where God can be known            John 14:7 Covenant Presence Promised: Chapter 24 Realized: Exodus 40_34-38 The Climax of Redemptive-History So Far   III.   Israel Falls with the Golden Calf (Ex. 32) How did the people do in keeping this covenant? Moses intercedes on behalf of the people. IV. The Law and Christ  How does the Mosaic Law apply to Christians? 1. Repudiat 2. Replace 3. Re-Appropriate

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I. Patriarchs - The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob  a. Abraham  b. Isaac c. Jacob  II. Promises a. Much Offspring  b. Land, Home, and Rest  c. Blessing to All Nations  III. Blessing of Abraham  a. Upon Abraham  b. Through Abraham  IV. New Testament's Perspective  a. The Gospel of Matthew b. Peter's Address to the Crowd  c. Paul's Letter to the Galatians  V. Relevance for Today  a. The life-giving truth of justification by faith was established from the beginning and intended to be a source of hope for all until the renewing of the whole heavens and earth.  b. God's mission to bless all the nations and families of the earth was present from the beginning and is the dominating, culture-setting mission of the church.

Discipleship 201: Scripture’s Story of God’s Glory in Christ Class 4: Kickoff and Rebellion Part 2   I. INTRODUCTION   In Gospel and Kingdom, Graeme Goldsworthy correctly asserts that “the idea of the rule of God over creation, over all creatures, over the kingdoms of the world, and in a unique and special way, over his chosen and redeemed people, is the very heart of the message of the Hebrew scriptures.”    A. KINGDOM     God As Universal King         The Fall and God’s Saving Reign         The Coming of God’s Redemptive Kingdom         The Promises Proclaimed By the Prophets       Scripture organically ties kingdom and covenant together: it is through the progression of the covenants that God’s saving reign comes to this world, ultimately in the incarnation, life, and work of our Lord Jesus Christ.     B. EXEGETICAL TOOLS     Progressive Revelation       The Three Horizons of Interpretation     Textual Horizon     Epochal Horizon     Canonical Horizon   Typological Patterns       Unconditional (Unilateral) and Conditional (Bilateral)     II. RETRACING THE STORY—KINGDOM THROUGH COVENANT   God establishes his kingdom through covenants from the beginning of Scripture to the end. These covenants give structure to the Bible as a whole.   A. Creation and the Adamic Covenant   Genesis 1:1; 1:26-28   What is a covenant? “A solemn commitment, guaranteeing promises or obligations undertaken by one or both covenanting parties, sealed with an oath” (Paul Williamson, NDBT). Or: “A covenant is the constitutionalization of a relationship” (Elazar, Covenant and Polity). It involves the coming together—con-gregating—of separate parties by a morally binding pact that establishes lines of authority and the boundaries of a political community.   Adam is a “son.” “This is the book of the generations (Greek: biblos genese-os) of Adam. When God created man, he made him in the likeness of God. 2 Male and female he created them, and he blessed them and named them Man when they were created. 3 When Adam had lived 130 years, he fathered a son in his own likeness, after his image, and named him Seth.”   For Adam and his offspring, eternal life was promised on the condition of perfect obedience to God’s law. God established a covenant of works with Adam and his offspring (Jer. 33:19-26; Hos. 6:7).   Covenant Elements   Condition of ObedienceSanctions for DisobedienceGod’s Covenant Name (Gen. 2:4, 5, 7, 8; Ex. 3:13-15)Sonship/Kingship under God (Gen. 1:27-28, Lk 3:38, Ex. 4:22, 2 Sam. 7:14-17)   Dawning of a New and Better Creation in the True and Better Adam (Gen. 3:15)  A New and Better KingSinless Hearts/Circumcised HeartsEternal RestNew Creation   B. Noahic Covenant   The word “covenant” first appears with Noah (Gen. 6:18). However, God reinstates his commitment to creation, now in light of sin.   Genesis 9:1-17. Covenants sign: rainbow. Noah, a new Adam.   All humanity remains accountable: “Say among the nations, ‘The LORD reigns!’” and “he will judge the peoples with equity” (Ps. 96:10)

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Discipleship 201: Scripture’s Story of God’s Glory in Christ Lesson 3: Kickoff and Rebellion   Don’t forget the big idea:   Biblical theology is the discipline of learning how to read the Bible as one story by one divine author that culminates in the person and work of Christ, so that every part of Scripture is understood in relation to Christ.  (Genesis 12:1-3 ESV)   I. Four Stages   A. Paradise B. The Fall C. Exile D. Flood / Judgment   II. Paradise   So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. 28 And God blessed them. And God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that moves on the earth.” (Gen 1:27-28)   In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was in the beginning with God. 3 All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made. (John 1:1-3) 34    “For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who has been his counselor?”       35          “Or who has given a gift to him that he might be repaid?” 36 For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever. Amen. (Rom 11:34-36)   III. The Fall   19 For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous (Rom 5:19) for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, (Rom 3:23) The Protoevangelium – the First Gospel 15  I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring;        he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel.” (Gen 3:15)   IV. The Exile   A. Cain and Abel   For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of him who subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself will be set free from its bondage to corruption and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God. (Rom 8:20-21)   B. Two Family Lines (Cain and Seth)   IV. The Flood   A. Noah and His Family   B. Burnt Offerings   C. Rainbow   D. The Tower of Babel   1. Shem, Ham, Japheth   2. Terah, The Father of Abram (Gen. 11:16)

Lesson 2: Unity of the Old Testament and New Testament   Don’t forget the big idea: Biblical theology is the discipline of learning how to read the Bible as one story by one divine author that culminates in the person and work of Christ, so that every part of Scripture is understood in relation to Christ.   We’re going to rummage through two different tool boxes pull a few out one at a time, look at them, and figure out what they do.   I. Tool Box # 1: Exegetical Tools Exegesis is the disciplined attempt to lead out of a text the author’s original intent, rather than one’s own preference or experience or opinion. Jerome, an early church father put it this way: “The office of a commentator is to set forth not what he himself would prefer, but what his author says.”   Tool # 1: The Grammatical-Historical MethodTool # 2: Literary Form  Test case: Psalm 143:12 “And in your steadfast love you will cut off my enemies. And you will destroy all the adversaries of my soul, for I am your servant.”       II. Tool Box # 2: Storyline Tools   PlotThemeCovenant (how God relates to his people), Kingdom (how God orders and rules over his people), Exodus (how God saves his people), Exile (how God punishes his people   3. Promise-Fulfillment Now the LORD said to Abram, “Go from your country and your kindred and your father's house to the land that I will show you. And I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and him who dishonors you I will curse, and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.” (Genesis 12:1-3 ESV)    4. Typology The essence of typology is the recognition that within Scripture itself certain events, people, or institutions in biblical history bear a particular relationship to later events, people and institutions. The relationship is such that the earlier foreshadows the later, and later fills our or completes the earlier. (Graeme Goldsworthy) A type is usually a person (like Moses, or David) or an object (like the ark or sacrificial lamb) that anticipates or prefigures Jesus.   5. Continuity and Discontinuity   III. Examples of Themes   Kingdom Through CovenantsFrom Eden to New JerusalemSacrificeMissio Dei

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Class 1: What Is Biblical Theology and Scripture’s Story?   Introduction   What Is Biblical Theology?   Big Idea: Biblical theology is the discipline of learning how to read the Bible as one story by one divine author that culminates in the person and work of Christ, so that every part of Scripture is understood in relation to Christ.