Key To The Case

Key To The Case

Key To The Case is an independent unsolved true crime podcast covering unsolved homicides, disappearances, suspicious deaths, and more. Join Sam and Sean each Sunday as they discuss a new case.

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Episodes

44. Najah Ferrell
6d ago
44. Najah Ferrell
On March 15th, 2019, 30-year-old Najah Ferrell failed to pick up her foster children from school in Avon, Indiana. Since Najah was a reliable parent, her family was alarmed right away. In the weeks and months that followed, several disturbing discoveries pointed to the grim reality that Najah was no longer alive. Who harmed Najah? And where is she?SURVEY LINK: https://s.surveyplanet.com/z3ubw625Email: keytothecase@gmail.comSources:https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/missing-in-america/indiana-mother-najah-ferrell-still-missing-after-disappearing-first-day-n987236  https://www.indystar.com/story/news/crime/2019/03/28/indianapolis-crime-avon-mother-missing-since-march-15/3301164002/ https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/crime/watch-live-police-update-case-on-avon-mother-missing-almost-two-weeks?_ga=2.137752819.277029347.1715872976-1772187381.1715872976 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9GXEAcItoM https://abc7chicago.com/missing-woman-indianapolis-crown-point-foot-found/5240343/ https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/police-transition-case-of-missing-avon-woman-to-death-investigation?_ga=2.136166386.277029347.1715872976-1772187381.1715872976https://www.indystar.com/story/news/crime/2019/04/10/truly-worst-outcome-police-provide-updates-avon-mom-case/3422973002/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HF9DbWyRO74https://fox59.com/news/police-confirm-remains-found-in-northwestern-indiana-pond-belonged-to-missing-avon-mother-najah-ferrell/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sWD0rXiGke4https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/crime/police-are-still-investigating-the-disappearance-of-avon-woman-4-years-later https://www.wthr.com/article/news/local/family-of-avon-murder-victim-najah-ferrell-still-looks-for-answers-5-years-later/531-9e65cf87-a7ff-4842-b323-a0246f441ffb https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owZ8NQHzcm8 https://www.discoveryplus.com/video/still-a-mystery/somebody-knows-something
43. Helen McPherson
May 26 2024
43. Helen McPherson
On July 15th, 2006, 86-year-old Helen McPherson was brutally murdered in her Vero Beach, Florida home. The investigators struggled to establish a motive for Helen's murder. With physical evidence left at the scene, will advanced technology be the key to solving this case?Email: keytothecase@gmail.comInstagramSources:https://www.newspapers.com/image/784340961/?match=1&terms=Helen%20mcpherson https://www.newspapers.com/image/784341456/?match=1&terms=Helen%20mcpherson https://www.newspapers.com/image/781070738/?match=1&terms=Helen%20mcphersonhttps://www.newspapers.com/image/784445503/?match=1&terms=Helen%20mcphersonhttps://www.newspapers.com/image/784504564/ https://www.newspapers.com/image/785164674/?match=1&terms=Helen%20mcpherson https://www.newspapers.com/image/785481184/?match=1&terms=Helen%20mcpherson https://www.newspapers.com/image/784341676/?match=1&terms=Helen%20mcpherson https://www.newspapers.com/image/781085738/?match=1&terms=%22Helen%20McPherson%22https://www.newspapers.com/image/983448089/?match=1&terms=Helen%20mcpherson https://www.tcpalm.com/story/news/local/indian-river-county/2023/07/14/indian-river-county-sheriff-flowers-discusses-2006-helen-mcpherson-unsolved-homicide/70401910007/ https://veronews.com/2018/06/19/deputies-still-working-solve-brutal-homicide-case-nearly-12-years-old/ https://cbs12.com/news/local/gallery/cold-case-update-vero-beach-helen-mcpherson-we-will-be-making-an-arrest-indian-river-county-sheriffs-office-says-helen-mcpherson-cold-case-is-heating-up-july-14-2023?photo=6https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFRK05eI4Bwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_4ieq4HImE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qXRDzONOB4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GeClsxIyiPg
42. Bruce Benson
May 19 2024
42. Bruce Benson
On November 9th, 2022, retired farmer Bruce Benson disappeared. He was last seen by his son at his rural home in Cotton County, Oklahoma. There were indicators that Bruce never made it into his home after his son left, so where is Bruce Benson?Email: keytothecase@gmail.comInstagramSources:https://www.texomashomepage.com/news/local-news/bruce-benson-missing-cotton-county-oklahoma/ https://www.swoknews.com/community_news/wife-seeks-answers-about-missing-cotton-county-man/article_2a919590-5c4e-5d7d-8518-c3ff878df5d8.htmlhttps://www.kswo.com/2022/11/16/family-missing-cotton-county-man-is-asking-any-tips-his-location/ https://www.kswo.com/2022/11/30/silver-alert-becomes-suspicious-disappearance-investigation/ https://www.nbcnews.com/dateline/missing-in-america/wife-son-still-searching-missing-oklahoma-farmer-four-months-later-rcna70502 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpXeJLbN9l8 https://www.texomashomepage.com/video/bruce-benson-remains-missing-6-months-later/8632820/ https://www.kswo.com/2023/07/10/osbi-continues-search-suspicious-disappearance-cotton-county-man/https://www.kswo.com/2023/11/10/one-year-after-cotton-co-farmers-disappearance-family-holds-out-hope-return/ https://www.kswo.com/2023/11/10/cotton-county-family-holds-candle-light-vigil-held-honor-missing-loved-one/ https://www.texomashomepage.com/news/local-news/one-year-since-mysterious-disappearance-of-bruce-benson/ https://www.forbes.com/sites/cyrusfarivar/2023/12/14/google-just-killed-geofence-warrants-police-location-data/?sh=13f90cde2c86https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/googles-location-data-move-will-reshape-geofence-warrant-use
40. Jeremiah Foco
May 5 2024
40. Jeremiah Foco
On July 22nd, 2015, 34-year-old Jeremiah Foco disappeared from Seattle, Washington. He was supposed to go to work that day to get his laptop repaired but he failed to show up. Camera footage from Jeremiah's apartment complex provided some clues but left investigators with many questions. Where is Jeremiah Foco?Email: keytothecase@gmail.comSources:https://www.mlive.com/news/bay-city/2015/08/family_hopes_for_missing_perso.htmlhttps://www.mlive.com/news/bay-city/2015/08/standish_native_seattle_engine.html https://www.fox13seattle.com/news/new-surveillance-video-shows-missing-seattle-man-at-bus-stop https://www.fox13seattle.com/news/despite-setback-family-friends-still-searching-for-seattle-man-missing-for-more-than-a-week https://web.archive.org/web/20151124031107/https://komonews.com/news/local/It-makes-no-sense-Search-for-missing-engineer-enters-2nd-week-320288641.html https://abcnews.go.com/US/jeremiah-foco-missing-family-desperately-seeks-answers-missing/story?id=32821483 https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/missing-in-america/seattle-engineer-jeremiah-foco-missing-13-days-friends-rallying-find-n403211 https://web.archive.org/web/20150919025436/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-1262374 https://www.mlive.com/news/bay-city/2015/09/search_for_jeremiah_foco_michi.htmlhttps://www.facebook.com/findfoco/https://namus.nij.ojp.gov/case/MP29570https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/4uajac/the_disappearance_of_jeremiah_foco_34/https://www.lendingtree.com/student/statute-of-limitations-on-private-student-loans/
39. Alicia Hummel
Apr 21 2024
39. Alicia Hummel
On June 1st, 2015, 29-year-old Alicia Hummel was murdered while fishing near Vermillion, South Dakota. Shortly before her murder, Alicia texted a friend that she saw two people in a car where she was fishing; however, those people remain unidentified. Who murdered Alicia Hummel?Sources:https://www.christysmith.com/obituaries/alicia-hummelhttps://www.newspapers.com/image/509899525/ https://www.newspapers.com/image/509899914/?terms=Alicia%20Hummel&match=1 https://www.newspapers.com/image/509900230/ https://www.newspapers.com/image/509900221/?terms=Alicia%20Hummel&match=1 https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/crime/2018/06/01/alicia-hummel-cold-case-haunts-clay-county-sheriffs-office-vermillion-sioux-city/659367002/ https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/cold-case-spotlight/friends-family-seek-answers-murder-iowa-woman-alicia-hummel-n879531 https://www.newspapers.com/image/569800424/?terms=Alicia%20Hummel&match=1 https://www.keloland.com/keloland-com-original/timeline-a-walk-through-alicia-hummels-final-day/ https://www.keloland.com/cold-cases/murder-at-myron-grove/https://www.siouxfallslive.com/news/the-vault/they-discovered-this-preschool-teachers-body-floating-in-the-missouri-river-yet-the-case-is-far-from-cold https://www.ktiv.com/2021/12/06/clay-county-sd-investigators-admit-they-have-victims-cell-phone/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ6jBrqQa3E https://www.siouxlandproud.com/video/remembering-alicia-hummel/7790909/ https://www.keloland.com/news/local-news/8-years-later-murder-at-boat-dock-remains-unsolved/ https://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/siouxcityjournal.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/1/eb/1ebfa004-4584-5e74-a4e3-b6ceba8639a8/558b273bd06a8.pdf.pdfhttps://www.discoveryplus.com/video/still-a-mystery/eyes-on-herhttps://www.facebook.com/fightingforaliciahummel/
36. Nancy Grunwaldt
Mar 31 2024
36. Nancy Grunwaldt
On March 12th, 1993, German tourist Nancy Grunwaldt disappeared from Tasmania, an island state of Australia. Witnesses spotted her riding a bike, but what happened next remains unknown. Was Nancy's presumed death an accident or the result of foul play?Email: keytothecase@gmail.comInstagramSources:https://www.magistratescourt.tas.gov.au/about_us/coroners/coronialfindings/g/182_of_2004https://www.magistratescourt.tas.gov.au/about_us/coroners/coronialfindings/c/2005_tascd_125_-_cafasso,_victoria_anna_elizabethhttps://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-22/missing-person-nancy-grunwaldt-new-tasmania-search/102125646https://www.examiner.com.au/story/8137087/nancy-grunwaldts-sister-shares-the-pain-of-her-unresolved-loss/https://www.examiner.com.au/story/641718/no-clues-to-missing-girl/https://www.examiner.com.au/story/475468/death-of-nancy-grunwaldt-an-accident/https://www.examiner.com.au/story/8125203/a-cold-case-heats-up-after-three-decades/https://www.pressreader.com/australia/new-idea/20211004/282007560553320https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-01/frauke-grunwaldt-speaks-of-her-grief/100340272https://www.newspapers.com/image/121562322/?terms=Nancy%20grunwaldt&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/122974145/?terms=Nancy%20grunwaldt&match=1https://australianmissingpersonsregister.com/ampr/Grunwaldt.htmhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrwpHDbwR0ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xzCFPETo24https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=gs6qDwAAQBAJ&pg=GBS.PP6&hl=enhttps://www.missingpersons.gov.au/support/coronial-process
32. Paul Wilson
Mar 3 2024
32. Paul Wilson
On January 2nd, 2019, 60-year-old Paul Wilson was murdered while walking through Danehy Park in Cambridge, Massachusetts. A thorough investigation ensued, but it turned up little evidence. Who killed Paul Wilson?Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/keytothecasepodcast/Email: keytothecase@gmail.comSources:https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/paul-wilson-cambridge-ma-murder-anniversary-danehy-park/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8msfIdfrxI&t=37shttps://www.boston25news.com/news/massachusetts/da-seeks-help-solving-2019-murder-paul-wilson-3rd-anniversary-approaches/QX3KSFRXHVED5MHBVUFX4PAI3U/https://open.spotify.com/episode/6EL0AlIkcSHfTvI6CCo4bLhttps://www.boston.com/news/crime/2020/01/03/investigation-homicide-cambridge-danehy-park-paul-wilson/https://www.masslive.com/boston/2020/11/search-for-answers-paul-wilson-was-beaten-and-left-for-dead-in-cambridge-his-family-is-now-offering-a-10000-reward-for-information.htmlhttps://www.yahoo.com/now/reward-offered-mans-beating-death-223915046.htmlhttps://www.cambridgeday.com/2019/01/09/paul-wilson-big-guy-with-an-even-bigger-heart-whose-memory-will-outlast-headlines-violence/https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/family-of-man-killed-in-cambridge-park-seeking-answers-1-year-later/2056693/https://www.wcvb.com/article/family-of-cambridge-man-murdered-in-park-speaking-out-to-5-investigates-pleading-for-help/30319154https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/cambridge-man-found-unresponsive-death-investigation-danehy-park-paul-wilson/https://www.cambridgeday.com/2019/01/03/police-ask-help-investigating-fatal-head-wound-at-danehy-park-warn-residents-to-stay-alert/https://www.cambridgema.gov/~/media/Files/policedepartment/BridgeStat/BridgeStat_December2020_FINAL.ashx?la=en#:~:text=There%20was%20one%20murder%20recorded%20in%20Cambridge%20in%202019.https://www.wcvb.com/article/officials-homicide-in-cambridge-park-appears-to-be-random/25851006
31. Amanda Tusing
Feb 25 2024
31. Amanda Tusing
On June 14th, 2000, 20-year-old Amanda Tusing disappeared while driving from Jonesboro to Dell, Arkansas. Her car was recovered between the two locations, and a couple came upon her body a few days later, but her case remains a mystery. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/keytothecasepodcast/Email: keytothecase@gmail.comSources:https://www.newspapers.com/image/412939285/?terms=Amanda%20tusing&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/412932610/?terms=Amanda%20tusing&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/412933175/?terms=Amanda%20tusing&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/950352958/?terms=Amanda%20tusing&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/413013761/?terms=Amanda%20tusing&match=1https://www.kait8.com/2023/06/16/cracking-cold-case-new-detective-assigned-23-year-old-craighead-co-murder-mystery/https://unsolvedmysteries.fandom.com/wiki/Amanda_Tusinghttps://www.kait8.com/story/5032272/haunting-evidence-in-the-amanda-tusing-case/https://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/story?id=3288735&page=1https://www.kait8.com/story/19881165/region-8-cold-case-amanda-tusing/https://www.kait8.com/story/1374330/new-details-in-tusing-murder-case/https://www.discoveryplus.com/video/still-a-mystery/why-did-she-leavehttps://aymag.com/why-mandy-the-case-of-a-murder-without-motive-part-2/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/cold-case-spotlight/no-answers-29-years-after-murder-arkansas-teen-dana-stidham-n893546https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2020/may/14/arkansas-inmate-accused-blue-light-rapist-dies-aft/https://unsolvedmysteries.fandom.com/wiki/Amanda_Tusinghttps://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/ar-supreme-court/1406970.htmlhttps://bvwv.nwaonline.com/news/2015/mar/11/stidham-murder-case-still-a-mystery-201/https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/tables/expanded-homicide-data-table-8.xls
28. Virginia Douglas
Feb 4 2024
28. Virginia Douglas
On September 2nd, 1988, 69-year-old Virginia Douglas disappeared from Belfast, Maine after stopping to use the restroom in a department store. Virginia and her husband, Frank, were on their way to Bar Harbor, Maine for a weekend getaway. What happened to Virginia?Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/keytothecasepodcast/Email: keytothecase@gmail.comSupport the show: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/app/dashboardSources:https://www.newspapers.com/image/664075386/?terms=%22virginia%20douglas%22&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59601041/virginia-douglas-reported-in-boston/https://www.newspapers.com/image/439134163/?terms=%22virginia%20douglas%22&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48241150/the-boston-globe/https://www.newspapers.com/image/533013392/?terms=%22virginia%20douglas%22&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/664212966/?terms=%22virginia%20douglas%22&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/439128979/?terms=%22virginia%20douglas%22&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/439249708/https://www.newspapers.com/image/662647112/?terms=Virginia%20Douglas%20Search&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/439119089/?terms=%22virginia%20douglas%22&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/439150102/?terms=%22virginia%20douglas%22&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/438677816/?terms=%22virginia%20douglas%22&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/831876428/?terms=%22virginia%20douglas%22&match=1https://www.namus.gov/MissingPersons/Case#/36953https://charleyproject.org/case/virginia-c-douglashttps://acadiamagic.com/mount-desert-island.html
27. Colin Gillis
Jan 28 2024
27. Colin Gillis
On March 11th, 2012, 18-year-old pre-med student Colin Gillis disappeared from Tupper Lake, New York, after a party. Witnesses last saw Colin walking along the road in the early morning hours. Where is Colin, and what happened to him?Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/keytothecasepodcast/Email: keytothecase@gmail.comSupport the show: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/keytothecaseSources:https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/01/nyregion/two-years-later-few-answers-in-a-mans-vanishing.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmnhhAC-Mqkhttps://footprintsattheriversedge.blogspot.com/2012/05/031112-colin-gillis-18-tupper-lake-ny.htmlhttps://suncommunitynews.com/news/43166/police-still-seek-clues-in-two-year-search-for-colin-gillis/https://cnycentral.com/news/local/north-country-family-offers-25000-reward-two-years-after-the-disappearance-of-colin-gillishttps://suncommunitynews.com/news/30092/family-of-colin-gillis-speaks/https://www.pressrepublican.com/news/missing-in-tupper-lake-but-not-forgotten/article_2e207698-ce25-11e4-ae28-6b8a6921b8de.html?fbclid=IwAR04eq1QK7oc9ymr4N1QCQB4Vtr2ix4lFFgeHdlULYxPy283IzCIMAkE0Qkhttps://www.mychamplainvalley.com/news/five-years-later-the-disappearance-of-colin-gillis/amp/https://www.mynbc5.com/article/state-police-investigate-new-york-property-in-connection-with-colin-gillis-disappearance/34648307https://tupperfreepress.com/obituaries/2021/9/15/austen-toohey-27https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyUA68YrGEghttps://www.wcax.com/2020/11/12/ny-authorities-excavate-adirondack-property-connected-to-2012-disappearance/https://www.nny360.com/news/stlawrencecounty/edwards-dig/image_574a0d69-95a5-5fad-a1b8-32f672ab5505.htmlhttps://www.adirondackdailyenterprise.com/news/local-news/2020/11/police-dig-in-edwards-on-colin-gillis-lead/https://vocal.media/criminal/the-bizarre-disappearance-of-colin-gillis
26. Theresa Insana
Jan 21 2024
26. Theresa Insana
On November 1st, 2004, construction workers found 26-year-old sales manager Theresa Insana dead in Las Vegas, Nevada. Investigators searched Theresa's home and found evidence of a struggle. The killer left DNA behind, and years later DNA phenotyping was used to create an image of his likely appearance. Who killed Theresa Insana?Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/keytothecasepodcast/Email: keytothecase@gmail.comSources:IMAGE OF KILLER HERE: https://news3lv.com/news/local/dna-leap-new-technology-could-capture-a-local-womans-killer-13-years-later?fbclid=IwAR1KiE0E6OODGdGu_9XTrmBd9GOkbLCdy0cH42zKbY3nICgD696aygciCEUhttps://www.newspapers.com/image/878518921/?terms=Theresa%20insana&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/877528392/?terms=Theresa%20insana&match=1https://www.newspapers.com/image/878287068/?terms=Theresa%20insana&match=1https://www.oxygen.com/dateline-secrets-uncovered/crime-news/dateline-secrets-uncovered-who-killed-theresa-insana#:~:text=The%20rocky%20terrain%20to%20get,trauma%2C%20according%20to%20NBC%20News.https://www.niagara-gazette.com/news/local_news/remembering-theresa-nbc-news-show-will-re-examine-the-case-of-a-niagara-falls-woman/article_e96ddc2f-dd18-5de4-9fc6-5e2f80b5cea1.htmlhttps://www.fox5vegas.com/2017/09/02/break-las-vegas-cold-case-leaves-detectives-family-hopeful/https://news3lv.com/news/local/special-report-tracking-theresas-killer-16-years-after-her-murder-near-summerlin-home#https://web.archive.org/web/20211029162220/https://media.lasvegasnow.com/nxsglobal/lasvegasnow/document_dev/2017/09/12/Parabon%20-%20Insana_1505259266288_26298134_ver1.0.pdfhttps://www.nbcnews.com/dateline/cold-case-spotlight/loved-ones-still-fighting-answersin-unsolved-2004-las-vegas-homicide-t-rcna83160https://www.instagram.com/justice_for_theresa_insana/https://www.reviewjournal.com/crime/homicides/detectives-see-new-promise-in-long-shelved-dna-but-there-are-pitfalls-2418571/https://open.spotify.com/episode/1Aol03fgA0xikynXKoFeCU
25. Abbie Flynn
Jan 14 2024
25. Abbie Flynn
On February 2nd, 2020, 59-year-old Abbie Flynn disappeared from Gloucester, Massachusetts. She was hosting a Super Bowl party in the evening, but it's believed she went on a walk before the party. When Abbie's guests arrived, Abbie was nowhere in sight, and a massive search began. Email: keytothecase@gmail.comInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/keytothecasepodcast/Sources:https://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/2-30-pm-update-avid-photographer-missing-after-preparing-super-bowl-party/article_a4d927a4-818b-5d6a-862b-eb8b8fe11b04.htmlhttps://www.boston25news.com/news/police-not-treating-gloucester-womans-disappearance-crime/ZEAVD374G5FL5NOHSBJXDZ36MQ/ https://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/local_news/woman-still-missing-a-year-later/article_b6db9d7e-ffa0-5d01-a17d-86f0911704bc.html https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2020/02/11/houston-woman-missing-for-more-than-a-week-in-massachusetts-officials-say/https://www.masslive.com/police-fire/2020/02/state-police-dive-search-turns-up-no-evidence-of-missing-gloucester-woman-abbie-flynn-who-disappeared-10-days-ago.htmlhttps://www.salemnews.com/news/local_news/we-just-want-abbie-back/article_13709d2e-14f5-585e-bf40-10755d65d71d.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AH7bsZ8d7lkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZO6mA-g8Dwhttps://www.boston25news.com/news/local/coast-guard-joins-search-missing-gloucester-woman/ES22ZZWLNFCG7E4XKS7XU2RPEA/ https://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/local_news/zero-connection-to-any-other-missing-person/article_55194be4-6976-5ccf-aea6-2952a2f82c3c.htmlhttps://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/police-identify-gloucester-drowning-victims/https://www.pinterest.it/abbieflynn/https://goodmorninggloucester.com/2020/02/06/chief-ed-conley-livestream-search-update-for-missing-gloucester-resident-abbie-flynn-2-6-20/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12064640/