The topic of animal testing, particularly in the context of medical research, is a complex and nuanced issue within the vegan community. Vegans, by definition, seek to exclude, as far as possible and practicable, all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing, or any other purpose.  This philosophy naturally extends to opposition against animal testing, especially in industries such as cosmetics and household products, where alternative testing methods are available, and the testing is not deemed necessary for human survival or health. However, when it comes to medical research, the issue becomes more complicated. The primary goal of veganism is to reduce harm and suffering to animals, but this must be balanced against the potential benefits to human health that can come from medical research, including research that currently involves animal testing.  Many vegans are conflicted about the use of animals in medical research because, on one hand, they oppose animal suffering, but on the other hand, they recognize the importance of developing new medicines and treatments that can save human lives.