Nikolay and Michael discuss the default config — some tools and principles you can use to customise it, as well as several parameters you probably always want to change.Here are links to a few things we mentioned: shared_buffers Andres Freund tweets about shared_buffers  PGTune Leopard Cybertec Configuratorpg_stat_statementsJIT configurationpostgresqlco.nfannotated.confOtterTunework_memrandom_page_costmax_connectionsWhat to logmax_wal_size WAL and checkpoint tuning episode effective_cache_size Intro to Performance Tuning and Optimization (EDB guide) max_parallel_workers_per_gather ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  The Cost of Cloud, a Trillion Dollar Paradox (blog post from Andreessen Horowitz)OVHHetznerpostgresql_cluster Why we're leaving the cloud (blog post by DHH from Basecamp)Managed services vs. DIY episodeec2instances.infoVantagePostgres TV episode with Everett Berry from Vantage Migrating to Aurora: easy except the bill (blog post by Kimberly Nicholls from Gridium)Database Lab EnginePostgres.ai consultingNetdatasysbenchfioQuery macro analysis episode Top queries by buffers (Gist from Michael)------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  Crunchy Data PostgreSQL Security Technical Implementation Guide (STIG) pgAudit (site) pgAudit (repo) noset (extension)SplunkKibanaTimescaleCREATE TRIGGER docs Transition table triggers (blog post by David Fetter) Table Audit (blog post by Lorenzo Alberton) Row change auditing options (blog post by CYBERTEC) Hydra founders interview (on Postgres TV)max_slot_wal_keep_sizeeBPF Building a perf-like tool for PostgreSQL (talk by Ronan Dunklau) Party tricks for PostgreSQL: perf, ftrace and bpftrace (talk by Dmitry Dolgov)------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  pg_dump  pg_restore   pgcopydb (tool by Dimitri Fontaine)   pg_dump and external snapshots (blog post by Michael Paquier)  Systems Performance (book by Brendan Gregg)   Performance troubleshooting methodologies (two part talk by Brendan Gregg)   pg_basebackup   wal-g  pgBackRest  Database Lab Engine   Database branching episode  ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  The Internals of PostgreSQL chapter 5 (book by Hironobu SUZUKI)  PostgreSQL 14 internals chapter 7 (book by Egor Rogov)   Transaction ID Wraparound (blog post from Sentry)  What We Learned from the Recent Mandrill Outage (blog post from Mailchimp)  How to simulate transaction ID wraparound (blog post by Prashant Dixit) Add 64-bit XIDs into PostgreSQL 16 (commitfest entry)   Partitioning (docs)   Consider using VACUUM’s INDEX_CLEANUP option (tweet by Peter Geoghan)  Add wraparound failsafe to VACUUM (commit)  Do you vacuum everyday? (talk by Hannu Krosing)  Multixacts wraparound monitoring (mailing list thread)  Subtransactions Considered Harmful (blog post by Nikolay)  Buffer management in PostgreSQL (talk by Alexander Korotkov)  OrioleDB pageinspect pg_hexedit   pg_visibility   Visibility Map (docs)------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: 1. Startups building momentum Aiven raised $210m   Timescale raised $110m   Hasura raised $100m   Supabase raised $80m   Neon raised $30m  Hydra   OrioleDB  2. Educational resources Postgres FM started 👋 Postgres TV became more active (including topic playlists)   Tobias Petry tips on Twitter and SQL for Devs   Hussein Nasser YouTube channel (backend engineering)  Postgres Weekly (newsletter) 3. Sharding progress Citus goes fully open source   SPQR   pgcat  Sharding Postgres at Notion (blog post)  PlanetScale (MySQL) 4. Database branching is coming Database Lab Engine   Neon branching  OrioleDB branching   Crunchy Bridge  Database branching episode  5. Postgres is everywhereAll cloud providers AlloyDB announced  Kubernetes operators (comparison blog post) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  ANALYZE (docs) Autovacuum config (docs) Statistics used by the planner (docs)  CREATE STATISTICS (docs)  Row count estimates (pgMustard blog post)  pg_hint_plan  Optimizer methodology (talk by Robert Haas)  Tomáš Vondra on statistics and hints (an excellent interview we forgot to mention, sorry!) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  Replication (docs)  9.0 release notes (including built-in replication) SlonyLondiste pg_is_in_recovery (pgPedia page)  Patroni Multiple Databases with Active Record hot_standby_feedback (docs)  max_standby_archive_delay or max_standby_streaming_delay (for WAL-shipping and WAL-streaming respectively)synchronous_commitSynchronous replicas Database Lab Engine  Neon Branching   Past, Present, and Future of Logical Replication (Postgres TV with Amit Kapila)   Failover of logical replication slots in Patroni (Postgres TV with Alexander Kukushkin)   PostgreSQL Subtransactions Considered Harmful (blog post by Nikolay)  Why we spent the last month eliminating PostgreSQL subtransactions (blog post by GitLab)  Fivetran ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  Date/Time Types (docs)  Don’t use timestamp without time zone (wiki)   Date/Time functions and operators (docs)   Postgres AT TIME ZONE explained (blog post by Bruce Momjian)  Our episode on BRIN indexes   RUM indexes  allballs (mailing list thread) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: PostgREST documentationSupabase No offset (blog post by Markus Winand) JSON functions and operators (PostgreSQL docs) Stored procedures (a previous Postgres FM episode) PostGraphile  Hasura  Parse, Inc. FirebasePostgresML PgQ ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Apologies, Michael's audio is not great in this, we'll hopefully be back to normal next week!Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  Materialized views (docs) Refresh materialized view (docs)Timescale blog post PlanetScale Boost (content warning: MySQL)  Incremental Materialized Views with pg_ivm (video by Lukas Fittl) Articles on how to do your own incremental updates(?) Materialize (company) Materialize talk Incremental View Maintenance (Postgres wiki)   Implementing Incremental View Maintenance (mailing list thread) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  Heap-only tuple updates (docs) README file (source code) Heap Only Tuple chapter (Internals of PostgreSQL by Hironobu SUZUKI)  How partial, covering, and multicolumn indexes may slow down UPDATEs (blog post by Nikolay)  Why Uber switched from Postgres to MySQL (blog post)   Fighting write amplification with HOT updates (Adyen blog post)  HOT Updates vs Bottom-Up Index Deletion (video by Lukas Fittl from pganalyze)  Reduced Bloat with Bottom-Up Deletion (blog post by Hamid Akthar from Percona)  What is fillfactor and how does it affect performance? (blog post by Kaarel Moppel from Cybertec)------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Database Lab Engine Overview of Aurora cloning PlanetScale branching Common DB schema change mistakes (blog post by Nikolay)Supabase visionNeon branchingShift-left testing------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  A brief history of Version Control Systems (blog post by Mehran Hajirajabi) Redgate Source Control for Oracle (and SQL Server) Flyway  Sqitch  Liquibase  pgAdmin Schema Diff  Migra  PostgresCompare  Schema based versioning and deployment (blog post by Valentine Gogichashvili) Change management tools and techniques (PostgreSQL Wiki) GitLab migration_helpers.rb  Database schema changes without downtime (blog post by James Coleman from Braintree/PayPal)  Zero-downtime Postgres schema migrations need lock_timeout and retries (blog post by Nikolay) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  PostgreSQL 14 coin (upside down!) Intro to Planner Hacking (talk by Melanie Plageman) Demystifying contributing to PostgreSQL (talk by Lætitia Avrot) How to become a PostgreSQL contributor (blog post by Aleksander Alekseev) Compile and install from source code (PostgreSQL Wiki)PostgreSQL mailing listsGitHub PostgreSQL mirrorGitLab PostgreSQL mirrorCommitfests So, you want to be a developer? (PostgreSQL Wiki) Resolving the search engine issue (mailing list thread)Planet PostgreSQL pg_stat_monitor (extension by Percona)ZomboDB pgx (framework for developing extensions)Awesome Postgres Depesz blog ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  Extending SQL  PostgREST   PL/pgSQL  EdgeDB   pgTAP   Sqitch  Flyway   Liquibase   client_min_messages  log_min_messagesRAISE DEBUG Simplify: move code into database functions (blog post by Derek Sivers)   PL/sh   Supabase  auto_explain.log_nested_statements   Hasura  ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: PostgreSQL 15 release notes Speeding up sort performance in Postgres 15 (blog post by David Rowley) Past, Present, and Future of Logical Replication (talk by Amit Kapila)  Postgres 15 improves UNIQUE and NULL (blog post by Ryan Lambert)  Do you vacuum everyday? (talk by Hannu Krosing)  Why upgrade PostgreSQL? (by depesz)What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @PostgresFM or by commenting on our topic ideas Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)------------------------Postgres FM is brought to you by: Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  pg_plan_advsr  How partial, covering, and multicolumn indexes may slow down UPDATEs (blog post by Nikolay) Why Uber Switched from Postgres to MySQL (blog post)pganalyze index advisor Nancy bot (project is not active)pgreplay pgreplay go   Real Application Testing on YugabyteDB with pgreplay (blog post by Franck Pachot)  pg_query   Database Lab thin clones  Migrating to Aurora: easy except the bill (blog post by Kimberley Nicholls) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @PostgresFM or by commenting on our topic ideas Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by: Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

This episode was badly affected by internet issues. Hopefully the edit came out ok, but the quality should be back to a better level from next week.Here are links to a few things we mentioned:  Monthly blog event, PGSQL Phriday (blog post from Ryan Booz)  Who or what made Postgres cool? (tweet from Kenneth Cassel)  PostGIS Acquisition of Sun by Oracle DB-Engines trend Hacker News hiring trends  Supabase on GitHub (nearly 40k stars) How I Built This (podcast) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @PostgresFM or by commenting on our topic ideas Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by: Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork

Important correction from this episode: amcheck promises no false positives, not no false negatives, sorry!Here are links to a few things we mentioned: pgstattuplepg_repack postgres-checkup Workload Analysis for GitLab.com Bloat Analysis (also from GitLab) Bloat, pg_repack, and deferred constraints (blog post by Miro) amcheck Peter Geoghegan interview (on Postgres TV) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov and @michristofides or by commenting on our topic ideas Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank you!)Postgres FM is brought to you by:Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork