To China or the market? Why borrow from a Private lender instead of China? In this episode, Rasheed talks to Federico Sequeda about why international US-based commercial creditors invest in Caribbean bond markets.  Federico Sequeda is Head of Country Research and Portfolio Manager for the Emerging Markets Team at Eaton Vance. Eaton Vance is a part of Morgan Stanley Investment Management. Key Points Include:Fundamental Debt MetricsWhy governments may prefer private financing over concessionary loans Do Chinese loans crowd out private creditors What are the data challenges in investing in emerging markets Creditor committee views on IMF structural adjustment programs Resources Mentioned in this EpisodeThe Human Freedom Index (Fraser Economic Freedom Index, as heard in the episode)I recommend pairing this Episode 28 on the Legal Dynamics of Sovereign Debt MarketsConnect with Federico SequedaLinkedInConnect with Rasheed GriffithLinkedInTwitter: @rasheedguo

The Republic of Panama officially recognized the People's Republic of China in 2017. Ever since then, there has been a constant parade of op-eds from think tanks about the potential risk of China's advance in Central America. We are joined by Sebastian Naranjo, a PhD candidate at Renmin University in Beijing and an Asia Desk Officer in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Panamá, to seek some truth from facts on this issue. Why did Panamá cut diplomatic relations with Taiwan in favor of the PRC?How central is the canal to politics in Panamá? What tangible projects has the PRC assisted with in Panamá? How relevant is Chinese culture in the daily lives on Panamanians? Has Panama's relations with the USA soured in any way since 2017? We discussed these questions and more! Recommendations: Panamá y China: Una relación de tres siglos (Berta Alicia Chen)La Ruta de la Seda y Panamá (Eddie Tapiero)

IMF Structural Adjustment Programs; Private Creditor Committees; Chinese bilateral loan contracts; Activist Hedge Funds; Paris Club vs China Development Bank.In foreign policy circles there is so much talk about Chinese  bilateral loans in Latin America and the Caribbean (and globally). But there seems to be little understanding of the dynamics sovereign debt markets which have important players like private investors and the International Monetary Fund. To discuss all of this we are joined by Thomas Laryea. Thomas formerly served as Assistant General Counsel at the International Monetary Fund, where he was responsible for the IMF’s legal relations in finance and economic surveillance with each of its member countries. Since moving into private practice, Thomas has advised on several recent high-profile sovereign debt restructurings including Argentina, Belize, and Suriname.

U.S Foreign Policy in the Caribbean seldom contemplates Monetary Policy. Domestic currencies in the Caribbean pervert economic freedom. Rather than being seen as economic imperialism, the spread of United States Dollars in the Caribbean should be seen as the spread of economic freedom. I am joined by Dr. DeLisle Worrell, former Governor of the Central Bank of Barbados to discuss why all Caribbean currencies should be permanently retired in favor of adopting the USD as the sole currency throughout the region.  We also discuss the potential of Chinese RMB internationalisation in the Caribbean. Further reading: The Time Has Come to Permanently Retire All Our Caribbean Currencies by Dr. Worrell Message/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more information on China in the Americas topics)Music: Night Nurse by Gregory Isaacs

In this episode I am joined by Ethan Knecht (author of The China-LAC Dispatch) and Mitch Hayes (author of The China Signal) for a roundtable discussion on what we think were the top stories of 2021 as it relates to China-Latin America & the Caribbean relations. Message/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more information on China in the Americas topics)Music: Silver Tongue Devil by Masego ft. Shenseea

Following the 2018 arrest of Huawei CFO Meng Wanzhou 孟晚舟 on extradition charges to the USA, the political relationship of Canada and China has entered a "Deep Freeze" (as stated by David Mulroney, former Canadian Ambassador to China). In retaliation Chinese authorities arrested two Canadians in China; one of them recently sentenced to 11 years in jail.  Earlier this year Canadian parliament declared that the treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjing, China amounts to "genocide". What is the current landscape of Sino-Canadian relations and where can the two countries go from here? This episode features Prof. Gordon Houlden: Director Emeritus China Institute, a Professor of Political Science, and an Adjunct Professor of the Alberta School of Business at the University of Alberta. Professor Houlden joined the Canadian Foreign Service in 1976, serving in Ottawa and abroad. Twenty-two of his years in the Canadian Foreign Service were spent working on Chinese economic, trade and political affairs for the Government of Canada, including five postings in China. His last assignment before joining the University of Alberta in 2008 was as Director General of the East Asian Bureau of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Show NotesChina in the Canadian Arctic Meng WanZhou Extradition case Canadian sentenced to 11 years in jail in ChinaChinese Ambassador to Canada interviewMessage/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more information on China in the Americas topics)Outro Music: Northwest Passage by Stan Rogers

How should the embassies of small states be structured to optimize their economic return in relation to China? This episode features Dr. Chelston Brathwaite, Barbados's Ambassador to the People's Republic of China (2014-2017). Prior to that, Dr. Brathwaite served as the Director General of the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). Show NotesDr. Brathwaite's recently published memoirs- Memories of China: My Eleventh Defining MomentMessage/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China in the Americas topics)Outro Music: Hit It by The Mighty Gabby

Earlier this year China published a white paper on its new approach to International Development Finance. Our guest, Stella Zhang, described this white paper as a "landmark document" in Chinese foreign policy. We discuss the implications of the document along with the nuances of how Chinese firms currently approach international contracting projects and financing. How will these firms operate differently going forward? How will Latin America and Caribbean countries capitalize on China's more explicit signaling of its willingness to assist  with economic growth and development?Hong (Stella) Zhang is a PhD candidate at George Mason University. Her research interests include China’s role in international development, the internationalization of China’s development state, and the overseas expansion of China’s state-owned enterprises. She had worked for five years as an overseas correspondent with China’s Caixin Media in London and Washington D.C.Follow Stella on Twitter @StellaHongZhangShow NotesChina’s Manifesto for Leadership in Global Development by Stella Hong ZhangThe Aid-Contracting Nexus: The role of the international contracting industry in China's overseas development engagements by Stella Hong Zhang Roundtable: Will the G7’s B3W Initiative change the game of global infrastructure development?程诚：《“一带一路”中非发展合作新模式：“造血金融”如何改变非洲》Message/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China in the Americas topics)Outro Music: La Dueña del Swing by Los Hermanos Rosario

Scott B. MacDonald is a Senior Associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). He is also the chief economist at Smith’s Research & Gradings. Prior to that, he was the head of research at MC Asset Management LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi Corporation; chief economist for KWR International and an international economic adviser in the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency in Washington, D.C.Show NotesThe Return of the Cold War in the Caribbean by Scott Is There a ‘New Normal’ for De-risking in the Caribbean? by Scott Message/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China-Caribbean topics)Outro Music: Toast by Koffee

To truly understand Sino-Cuban relations you need to understand the context of Cuba's relations with Venezuela, the US, and the former USSR. Why did USSR become the Patron of Cuba for most of the Cold War? Why did Venezuela step in to support Cuba after the USSR collapse?  Just as the last cold war will Cuba be the nexus of the "New Cold War"? We discussed all of these questions. Dr. Bradley J. Murg is Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Director of Research, and Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of International Relations and Political Science here at Paragon International University. Dr. Murg also has been recognized as Distinguished Fellow and Senior Advisor at the Cambodia Institute for Cooperation and Peace and Senior Research Advisor at Future Forum.  Dr. Murg’s research languages include English, French, Mandarin Chinese, Russian, and German.Show NotesA Conversation between Che Guevara, Mao Zedong, and Zhou Enlai (1960)Venezuela and Cuba: The Ties that BindThere Will Not Be a New Cold War by Thomas ChristensenSino-Cuban Relations: No "New Cold War" in Havana by Bradley Murg & Rasheed GriffithOn the Havana Syndrome Willy Wo-Lap Lam Commentary Mao and the Sino-Soviet Split Message/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China-Caribbean topics)Intro/Outro Music: Chan Chan by Buena Vista Social Club

Kanyi Lui is a Taiwanese-Australian international finance lawyer based in Beijing. He is a Partner at Pinsent Masons with almost two decades of experience advising major financial institutions and borrowers on the development and financing of energy, natural resource, and infrastructure projects in emerging markets.   He has particular expertise on projects falling within the ambit of China’s Belt-and-Road Initiative (BRI).  Kanyi is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, the Malaysian Institute of Arbitrators, Prime Disputes and Arbitrators’ and Mediators’ Institute of New Zealand, and has rights of audience before the AIFC Court. Show notes:Chinese financing: banking with Chinese lenders by Kanyi LuiHow China Lends by AidDataThe Chinese 'Debt Trap' Is a Myth by Deborah Brautigam and Meg RithmireSubscribe to China in the Caribbean Newsletter on SubstackMessage/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China-Caribbean topics)Intro Music:Africa Thing by Vin GordonOutro Music:没钥匙的锁 by 刘聡 Key.L

Retired Lieutenant General Charles Hooper is the Former  Director of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (2017-2020). LTG Hooper was commissioned in 1979 as an infantryman. Since then his political-military assignments include: Assistant Army Attaché to China; the Deputy Division Chief, War Plans Division; Senior Country Director for China, Taiwan and Mongolia Policy, Office of the Secretary of Defense; and U.S. Defense Attaché to the People's Republic of China among other prominent assignments.  LTG Hooper joined The Cohen Group as a Senior Counselor in October 2020 following a distinguished 41-year military career. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government.LTG Hooper is fluent in Mandarin and has had a truly fascinating career in the US-China military and policy relations. In the first part of the podcast we discuss the early days of his experiences in China from the 1980s, then we discuss some finer aspects of US foreign weapons sales and security cooperation, and finally we discussed his views on current US-China relations. LTG Hooper on Twitter: @LTG_CHooperShow Notes:FAOA Journal of International Affairs (for Foreign Area Officers) The U.S. Military in Support of Strategic Objectives in Latin America and the Caribbean by Prof. Evan Ellis (Army War College) ISIS in the Caribbean美国反对美国 (America Against America) by Wang Huning 王沪宁Subscribe to China in the Caribbean Newsletter on SubstackMessage/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China-Caribbean topics)Intro Music:Revenge Dub by Vin GordonOutro Music:Bridges by Shaggy (ft. Chronixx)

It is impossible to have a serious and nuanced conversation on the Caribbean's engagement with China without understanding the historical context of the Caribbean economies. When we study the arc of Caribbean economic history, a wide-scale engagement with China (as the world's largest exporter and soon the largest importer) should not be seen as any kind of hard pivot but instead the continuation of the Caribbean's long-standing trade dynamic.  However, we must avoid falling into the trap of thinking that engagement with China is a zero-sum game. In this episode I'm joined by Victor Bulmer-Thomas, Professor Emeritus of Economics at University of London and Former Director of Chatham House. He wrote what is perhaps the best book on Caribbean economic history titled 'The Economic History of the Caribbean since the Napoleonic Wars'. "There is a great deal of pessimism in the Caribbean today - just as there was in the 1930s, 1890s and even earlier. The region has struggled to find the correct policy responses to globalisation, is increasingly marginal to the interests of most more countries, is mostly too "rich" to qualify for aid flows or debt relief, and has failed to build institutions it knows are required. Some of this pessimism is justified, but much of it is not. The Caribbean still has advantages that other less fortunate regions lack and is in a position to resolve many of its problems itself. Whether it does so depends in part on drawing the right lessons from its own historical experience." - Prof. Bulmer-Thomas Subscribe to China in the Caribbean Newsletter on SubstackMessage/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China-Caribbean topics)Email me: hello@rasheedjg.meIntro Music:Rumours by Gregory IssacsOutro Music:Hills and Valleys by Buju BantonDonatePaxos0x1fbDB8C50A031c682cad06355197f5639C8343C4

Barbados is 91% Black. East Asians account for just around 0.1% of the country's population.   In this episode I chat with my friend Lin Jiang (Jack) about his experience growing up and living in the Caribbean. He moved to Barbados when we was 7 years old and immediately had to deal with questions of identity and issues of racism that persist until today.Subscribe to China in the Caribbean Newsletter on SubstackMessage/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China-Caribbean topics)Email me: hello@rasheedjg.meIntro Music:Mr. Sun by Don CarlosOutro Music:那阵时不知道 by my little airpotDonatePaxos0x1fbDB8C50A031c682cad06355197f5639C8343C4

From BYD buses in Barbados, Huawei infrastructure in Antigua, Surveillance tech in Jamaica, and ZTE in Cuba, the US-China tech competition dramatically affects the Caribbean. In this episode I am joined by Matt Sheehan to discuss these issues as well as his book: The Transpacific Experiment. He is a Fellow at MacroPolo, a think tank of the Paulson Institute. Follow Matt on Twitter: @mattsheehan88Show NotesRemaking "Made in China": Beijing's Industrial Internet Ambitions by Matt SheehanHow Silicon Valley Views China Across Five Dimensions by Matt SheehanJamaica EyeBYD in Barbados Antigua and Barbuda Prime Minister turns down Huawei to appease the USSubscribe to China in the Caribbean Newsletter on SubstackMessage/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China-Caribbean topics)Email me: hello@rasheedjg.meIntro Music:Bridges by ShaggyOutro Music:Things In Life by Dennis Brown (you may know this song from Wong Kar-Wai's Chungking Express)DonatePaxos0x1fbDB8C50A031c682cad06355197f5639C8343C4

In this episode I am joined by Barbados's Ambassador to the People's Republic of China, His Excellency Ambassador Francois Jackman. We discussed several major foreign policy and geopolitical themes centred on the Caribbean's diplomatic posture towards China and the North Atlantic.Ambassador Jackman on Twitter: @francoisjackman Show Notes Barbados Foreign Policy Fifty Years and Beyond by Amb. JackmanThe Caribbean also needs to Pivot by Amb. JackmanCARICOM Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) Cuba-US-Caribbean Relations Overview of China-Barbados RelationsOrganisation of American States (OAS)China's economic engagement in the Caribbean (coauthored by me)Message/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China-Caribbean topics)Email me: hello@rasheedjg.meIntro/Outro MusicRise and Shine by Bunny Wailer

I'm now an Emergent Ventures Fellow! I've received a generous grant from the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. The grant will be used to develop this podcast and create more China-Caribbean relations content (newsletter coming soon)! This is all thanks to this episode's guest - Tyler Cowen. He is the Director of the Mercatus Center and an Economics Professor at George Mason University. Tyler is also the coauthor (along with Alex Tabarrok of the Marginal Revolution blog) and host of the Conversations with Tyler Podcast. Show NotesSir. Arthur Lewis, Nobel Prize winning Economist from St. LuciaKing Tubby, Jamaican Dub musicianHector Hyppolite, Haitian painter (perhaps the most famous)José Bedia, Cuban avant garde artistPaul Romer, on Jamaican governance failures and diaspora votingDelisle Worrell, Caribbean countries need to retire their currencies and DollarizeCamile Paglia, on Rihanna (who is Barbadian) Kiasma Contemporary Art Museum (Helsinki, Finland)Sibelius Violin Concerto (Ray Chen with GSO)McCloskey’s Bourgeois VirtuesJunot Diaz 'Apocalypse' On suicide in the Caribbean Music in the Castle of Heaven (book) by John Eliot GardinerIn The Mood for Love, film by Wong Kar-Wai (my favourite)Message/Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguo (for more info on China-Caribbean topics)Email me: hello@rasheedjg.meIntro Music:Chilout/Slum by Gregory Isaacs (Jamaican dub genre) Outro Music:Sé pa pou dat by Alan Cavé (Haitian Kompa genre)DonatePaxos0x1fbDB8C50A031c682cad06355197f5639C8343C4

This episode features Wazim Mowla, a Program Assistant at the Atlantic Council Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center Caribbean Initiative. Previously he worked at the Embassy of Guyana and the Embassy of Antigua and Barbuda in Washington DC. Wazim on Twitter: @WMowlaShow NotesThe Strange Saga of Taiwan's Short-Lived Office in GuyanaCaribbean Basin Security Initiative RecommendationsLatin America Confronts the United States: Asymmetry and Influence by Tom LongIsland People: The Caribbean and the World by Joshua Jelly-SchapiroFollow me on Twitter: @rasheedguoIntro MusicDreamin' by 53 Thieves Outro Music一片漆黑的海 A Dark Sea by Sleeping Brain 眠脑

This episode features Parsifal D’Sola, a Chinese Foreign Policy analyst focused on Sino-Venezuelan relations. He is also the Founder and CEO of the Andrés Bello Foundation – China Latin American Research Center based in Bogota, Colombia.Parsifal of Twitter: @pdsolaShow notes:China, Venezuela, and the New Silk Road in between China in the LAC: Digital Diplomacy During COVID-19What is PetroCaribe? China-Latin America Finance DatabaseMercosur: South America's Fractious Trade BlocFollow me on Twitter: @rasheedguoIntro Music:No le Pegue a la Negra by Joe ArroyoOutro Music:Ah Feeling To Party by Black Stalin

Why did the Black Panthers get offered asylum in China?  Why did W.E.B Du Bois change his mind about Mao? In this episode I am speaking with Dr. Keisha Brown about Sino-Black Relations. Dr. Brown is an Assistant Professor at Tennessee State University. She is a historian and Asian studies scholar whose work examines the representations of blackness in Modern China. Dr. Brown on Twitter: @DocKBrown85Recommendations Teaching China Through Black History“Blackness in Exile: W.E.B. Du Bois’ Role in the Formation of Representations of Blackness as Conceptualized by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).” Phylon 53. 2 (Winter 2016): 20-33.“Keisha Brown” chapter in Trailblasian: Black Women Expats in East Asia Anthology.  T.K. McLennon, ed. (June 2014).Homegrown Podcast NPR Code Switch PodcastBabylon East: Performing Dancehall, Roots Reggae, and Rastafari in Japan by Marvin Sterling Afro Asia by Fred Ho & Bill Mullen (Editors)Follow me on Twitter: @rasheedguoIntro MusicTadow by Masego + FkjOutro Music暴风雨/ Storm by Higher Brothers