EPISODES #18 AND #19: Explore the history of Hong Kong and its public transportation as we delve into the movie Love Is a Many Splendored Thing and the bestseller book that preceded it. In Part 1, we start with the movie and then look at Hong Kong's history and explosive population growth before discussing public transportation. In Part 2, we delve into the history of the amazing Hong Kong subway system, its rail-plus-property model, which generates revenues, and then recent developments and the ending to Love Is a Many Splendored Thing.Our moments in equity explore the dislocation and refugee movement during the Chinese Revolution in Part 1 and in Part 2 we look at income inequality in the US and China. Resources Moment in Equity – Episode #18·      Terry Hong, Last Boat Out of Shanghai' has four stories at once personal and universal, Christian Science Monitor (Jan. 24, 2019) (reviewing Last Boat Out of Shanghai: The Epic Story of the Chinese Who Fled Mao’s Revolution by Helen Zia) – available for free through ProQuest if your library subscribes·      'Last Boat Out Of Shanghai': The Chinese Who Fled Mao's Revolution, Morning Edition, National Public Radio (Interview) (Feb. 19, 2019) – https://www.npr.org/2019/02/19/695874055/last-boat-out-of-shanghai-the-chinese-who-fled-maos-revolution  Moment in Equity – Episode #19·      Lindsey Maizland, Income inequality in China is bad, but it’s worse in the US, Vox (Feb. 16, 2017) – https://www.vox.com/world/2017/2/16/14636472/income-wealth-inequality-gap-china-bad-us-worse ·      Wealth & Inequality In The U.S. And China, USC US-China Institute at USC Annenberg (Nov. 19, 2020) – https://china.usc.edu/wealth-inequality-us-and-china ·      Fatema Z. Sumar, Why inequality is growing in the US and around the world, The Conversation (Jan. 2, 2023) – https://theconversation.com/why-inequality-is-growing-in-the-us-and-around-the-world-191642#:~:text=The%20Gini%20index%20rose%20by,triggered%20%E2%80%93%20worsened%20global%20income%20inequality.  Book and Movie·      A Many Splendored Thing – novel by Han Suyin·      Love Is a Many Splendored Thing – 1955 Movie available on Amazon Prime (not free) History of Hong Kong and its public transportation·      History of Hong Kong, Wikipedia (Updated Mar. 8, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong ·      Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Wikipedia (Updated Aug. 21, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong ·      Ladder Streets, Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 20, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder_streets#:~:text=Ladder%20streets%20are%20narrow%20streets,Road%20at%20the%20Mid%2DLevels. ·      Ladder Street, Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 27, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder_Street ·      Peak Tram, Wikipedia (Mar. 23, 3023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_Tram ·      Ngai Yeung, Hidden Hong Kong: A busy history of the Hong Kong bus, localiiz (Updated Apr. 26, 2022) – https://www.localiiz.com/post/culture-history-bus-local-public-transportation-hong-kong ·      MTR, Wikipedia (July 29, 3023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR#:~:text=Construction%20of%20the%20MTR%20was,first%20line%20opened%20in%201979 ·      Chris Wood, The 18 years it took Hong Kong to get first MTR subway line – how the Post reported the story, South China Morning Post (Sept. 29, 2017) – https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/2113217/archives-how-hong-kongs-first-subway-system-got  ·      Matthew Keegan, How public transport actually turns a profit in Hong Kong, The Guardian (Mar. 19, 2019) – https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/mar/19/how-public-transport-actually-turns-a-profit-in-hong-kong (The Guardian remains free to all and it seeks donations and subscriptions in order to continue to offer its articles without charge.0·      Maggie Hiufu Wong, Hong Kong’s MTR: Taking a ride on the world’s most envied metro system, CNN Travel (Mar. 31, 2015) – https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hong-kong-mtr-success-story/index.html ·      Dean Napolitano, Hong Kong struggles to win back tourists, ‘World City’ crown, AlJazeera (Mar. 20, 2023) – https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/3/20/hong-kong-struggles-to-win-back-tourists-world-city-crown  Interviews with Han Suyin on YouTube (sample)·      Webster! Interview: Dr Han Suyin, Royal BC Museum (Jan. 28, 1985) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQBtAiWMmyw&t=232s ·      Han Suyin speaking at UCLA 3/24/1965 – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9upkez7iNI ·      Entrevue avec la romancière Han Suyin en 1959 (in French) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUJbAvo-lf4  Princess Alexandra·      Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, Wikipedia (Updated Aug. 2, 2023)

EPISODES #18 AND #19: Explore the history of Hong Kong and its public transportation as we delve into the movie Love Is a Many Splendored Thing and the bestseller book that preceded it. In Part 1, we start with the movie and then look at Hong Kong's history and explosive population growth before discussing public transportation. In Part 2, we delve into the history of the amazing Hong Kong subway system, its rail-plus-property model, which generates revenues, and then recent developments and the ending to Love Is a Many Splendored Thing.Our moments in equity explore the dislocation and refugee movement during the Chinese Revolution in Part 1 and in Part 2 we look at income inequality in the US and China. Resources Moment in Equity – Episode #18·      Terry Hong, Last Boat Out of Shanghai' has four stories at once personal and universal, Christian Science Monitor (Jan. 24, 2019) (reviewing Last Boat Out of Shanghai: The Epic Story of the Chinese Who Fled Mao’s Revolution by Helen Zia) – available for free through ProQuest if your library subscribes·      'Last Boat Out Of Shanghai': The Chinese Who Fled Mao's Revolution, Morning Edition, National Public Radio (Interview) (Feb. 19, 2019) – https://www.npr.org/2019/02/19/695874055/last-boat-out-of-shanghai-the-chinese-who-fled-maos-revolution  Moment in Equity – Episode #19·      Lindsey Maizland, Income inequality in China is bad, but it’s worse in the US, Vox (Feb. 16, 2017) – https://www.vox.com/world/2017/2/16/14636472/income-wealth-inequality-gap-china-bad-us-worse ·      Wealth & Inequality In The U.S. And China, USC US-China Institute at USC Annenberg (Nov. 19, 2020) – https://china.usc.edu/wealth-inequality-us-and-china ·      Fatema Z. Sumar, Why inequality is growing in the US and around the world, The Conversation (Jan. 2, 2023) – https://theconversation.com/why-inequality-is-growing-in-the-us-and-around-the-world-191642#:~:text=The%20Gini%20index%20rose%20by,triggered%20%E2%80%93%20worsened%20global%20income%20inequality.  Book and Movie·      A Many Splendored Thing – novel by Han Suyin·      Love Is a Many Splendored Thing – 1955 Movie available on Amazon Prime (not free) History of Hong Kong and its public transportation·      History of Hong Kong, Wikipedia (Updated Mar. 8, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong ·      Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Wikipedia (Updated Aug. 21, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong ·      Ladder Streets, Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 20, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder_streets#:~:text=Ladder%20streets%20are%20narrow%20streets,Road%20at%20the%20Mid%2DLevels. ·      Ladder Street, Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 27, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder_Street ·      Peak Tram, Wikipedia (Mar. 23, 3023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_Tram ·      Ngai Yeung, Hidden Hong Kong: A busy history of the Hong Kong bus, localiiz (Updated Apr. 26, 2022) – https://www.localiiz.com/post/culture-history-bus-local-public-transportation-hong-kong ·      MTR, Wikipedia (July 29, 3023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR#:~:text=Construction%20of%20the%20MTR%20was,first%20line%20opened%20in%201979 ·      Chris Wood, The 18 years it took Hong Kong to get first MTR subway line – how the Post reported the story, South China Morning Post (Sept. 29, 2017) – https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/2113217/archives-how-hong-kongs-first-subway-system-got  ·      Matthew Keegan, How public transport actually turns a profit in Hong Kong, The Guardian (Mar. 19, 2019) – https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/mar/19/how-public-transport-actually-turns-a-profit-in-hong-kong (The Guardian remains free to all and it seeks donations and subscriptions in order to continue to offer its articles without charge.0·      Maggie Hiufu Wong, Hong Kong’s MTR: Taking a ride on the world’s most envied metro system, CNN Travel (Mar. 31, 2015) – https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hong-kong-mtr-success-story/index.html ·      Dean Napolitano, Hong Kong struggles to win back tourists, ‘World City’ crown, AlJazeera (Mar. 20, 2023) – https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/3/20/hong-kong-struggles-to-win-back-tourists-world-city-crown  Interviews with Han Suyin on YouTube (sample)·      Webster! Interview: Dr Han Suyin, Royal BC Museum (Jan. 28, 1985) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQBtAiWMmyw&t=232s ·      Han Suyin speaking at UCLA 3/24/1965 – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9upkez7iNI ·      Entrevue avec la romancière Han Suyin en 1959 (in French) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUJbAvo-lf4  Princess Alexandra·      Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, Wikipedia (Updated Aug. 2, 2023)

The story of the gondolas of Medellin, Columbia, is the history of Medellin itself. We explore how Medellin went from Spanish colonial mining town to industrial city and then, via building a robust public transportation system - and in particular the gondolas - Medellin transformed itself from a murder capital to a tourist-magnet destination. Medellin took a no-wrong-door, holistic approach to its many problems. In the process, the city built a responsive, but inexpensive, form of public infrastructure well suited to its mountainous, but urban, terrain. Resources Moment in Equity Wealth Inequality by Country 2023 – https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/wealth-inequality-by-country  Adriaan Alsema, Colombia’s wealth gap bogging down economic growth and progress: World Bank, Columbia Reports (Oct. 28, 2021) – https://colombiareports.com/colombias-wealth-gap-bogging-down-economic-growth-and-progress-world-bank/  Geography and history of Medellin Political Map of Columbia, nationsonline.org (Undated) – https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/colombia_map.htm#:~:text=About%20Colombia&text=It%20is%20bordered%20by%20Brazil,Cayman%20Islands%20(United%20Kingdom). Medellin, Britannica (Updated Sept. 7, 2022) – https://www.britannica.com/place/Medellin-Colombia Medellin FactFile, MedellinColumbia.co (Undated) – https://www.medellincolombia.co/general-information/medellin-factfile/ Brief History of Medellin, casacol (Undated) (author name as Patrick, with no other information) – https://en.casacol.co/2022/06/11/brief-history-of-medellin/ Kenneth Fletcher, Columbia Dispatch 9: The Story of Medellin, Smithsonian (Oct. 28, 2008) – https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/colombia-dispatch-9-the-story-of-medellin-88441797/ David Freedman, How Medellin, Columbia, Became the World’s Smartest City, Newsweek (Nov. 18, 2019) - https://www.newsweek.com/2019/11/22/medellin-colombia-worlds-smartest-city-1471521.html Gondolas Gondola, Cambridge Dictionary (Undated) (definition) – https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/gondola  Gondola, Online Etymology Dictionary (Undated) – https://www.etymonline.com/word/gondola#:~:text=gondola%20(n.),open%20railway%20cars%20by%201871.  Gondola (disambiguation), Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 20, 2023) (discussing less common transportation-related meanings of the word “gondola”) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondola_(disambiguation)  Frequently Asked Questions, Georgetown-Roslyn Gondola (Undated) – http://www.georgetownrosslyngondola.com/faqs Gondolas of Medellin Steven Dale, Medellin/Caracas, Part 1, The Gondola Project (Oct. 5, 2015) – https://www.gondolaproject.com/2015/10/05/medellincaracas-part-1/  Steven Dale, Medellin/Caracas, Part 2, The Gondola Project (Mar. 12, 2010) – https://www.gondolaproject.com/2010/03/12/medellincaracas-part-2/  Steven Dale, Medellin/Caracas, Part 3, The Gondola Project (Mar. 14, 2010) – https://www.gondolaproject.com/2010/03/14/medellincaracas-part-3/  Cable Cars as Urban Public Transport in Medellin, Seeds of Good Anthropocenes (Undated (seems like 2019) – https://goodanthropocenes.net/cable-cars-as-urban-public-transport-in-medellin/ Video: Medellin: Columbia’s Sustainable Transport Capital, Streetfilms (2012) – https://vimeo.com/39704761  Charles Parkinson, Medellin’s Strategy for Driving Down Crime: Add More Gondolas, The Future of Resilience (blog), Next City (Nov. 11, 2013) – https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/medellin-expands-the-transit-system-that-helped-tame-its-rampant-crime Metrocable (Medellin), Wikipedia (Updated May 22, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrocable_(Medell%C3%ADn)  Venezuela: Avila National Park, parkswatch.org (March 2002) – http://parkswatch.org/parkprofiles/pdf/avnp_eng.pdf  Metrocables in Medellin, Columbia, Oxfam International (case study) (Jan. 2021) – https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/621119/cs-metrocables-medellin-colombia-270121-en.pdf;jsessionid=68262E16B5AE71A0EF680FA5E085B1AF?sequence=1

In this episode, we cover You’ve Got Mail, a film from 1998 set in Manhattan, in New York City. The movie features Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan as the romantic leads, who, as in many a romantic comedy, loathe each other before realize they are in love. Supporting actors shine brightly and they include Jean Stapleton, Dabney Coleman, Parker Posey, Dave Chappelle, Greg Kinnear and Steve Zahn. Nice appearances also by Jane Adams, Veanne Cox, and Deborah Rush.  In this episode, we explore the histories of two neighborhood parks, one small and one quite large, as well as a train station of the NYC subway. What we like about the use of these spaces in the movie and generally the employment of locations in the movie on the Upper West Side of Manhattan is that viewers are treated to a neighborhood feel and an affectionate view of what it’s like to live there.Resources Moment in Equity  ·      Jessica Dalley, What Would $50 In 1940 Rent A New Yorker Today?, Curbed New York (Nov. 21, 2013) – https://ny.curbed.com/2013/11/21/10172014/what-would-50-in-1940-rent-a-new-yorker-today ·      Peggy Taylor, Lamenting the Loss of My Black Brothers and Sisters, West Side Rag (Feb. 3, 2023) – https://www.westsiderag.com/2023/02/03/lamenting-the-loss-of-my-black-brothers-and-sisters ·      Andrew Woo, How Have Rents Changed Since 1960?, Apartment List (Jun. 14, 2016) – https://www.apartmentlist.com/research/rent-growth-since-1960  Movie ·      You’ve Got Mail (1998) – available on HBO Max  West 72nd Street Station ·      Michael Minn, 72nd Street Subway Station, Michael Minn (blog) (Sept. 1, 2001) – https://michaelminn.net/newyork/areas/upper-west-side/72nd-street-subway-station/index.html ·      72nd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Wikipedia (Updated Apr. 25, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72nd_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)#:~:text=The%2072nd%20Street%20station%20opened,of%20the%20Upper%20West%20Side.  Verdi Square·      The musical history of 72nd Street’s Verdi Square, Ephemeral New York (Dec. 19, 2012) – https://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/2012/12/19/the-musical-history-of-72nd-streets-verdi-square/ ·      Verdi Square, NYC Parks (Undated) – https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/verdi-square/highlights/6534 ·      Verdi Square, Landmarks Preservation Commission (Jan. 28, 1975) (NYC landmark designation approved) – http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0857.pdf  Riverside Park·      Lucie Levine, 10 things you might not know about Riverside Park, 6sqft (Feb. 12, 2019) – https://www.6sqft.com/10-things-you-might-not-know-about-riverside-park/·      Riverside Drive (Manhattan), Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 7, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan) ·      Jay Shockley, Riverside Drive-West 80th - 81st Street Historic District: Designation Report, Landmarks Preservation Commission (of the City of New York) (Mar. 26, 1985) – http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1429.pdf ·      Riverside Park History, Riverside Park Conservancy, Zippia (Updated Sept. 9, 2022) – https://www.zippia.com/riverside-park-careers-82270/history/ ·      Riverside South (Manhattan), Wikipedia (Updated Mar. 16, 2023) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan ·      Riverside Drive Scenic North-South Thoroughfare From Harlem And Beyond 1865-, Harlem World (Undated) – https://www.harlemworldmagazine.com/riverside-drive-scenic-north-south-thoroughfare-from-harlem-and-beyond-1865/ Other ·      Tricia Kang, 160 Years of Central Park: A Brief History, Central Park Conservancy Magazine (June 1, 2017) – https://www.centralparknyc.org/articles/central-park-history ·      Rochelle Heath-Harris, The Story of the Dakota Apartment Building, CitySignal (Aug. 11, 2022) –  https://www.citysignal.com/the-story-of-the-dakota-apartment-building/ ·      North Dakota and South Dakota Were Admitted to the Union November 2, 1889, America’s Story from America’s Library, Library of Congress (Undated) – https://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/gilded/jb_gilded_dakotas_1.html ·      Tweed in New York, Loc.Gov Wise Guide, Library of Congress (Dec. 2004) – https://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/dec04/tweed.html  ·      Walter Karp, The Central Park, Vol. 32 American Heritage (Issue 3, April/May 1981) – https://www.americanheritage.com/central-park ·      Sherman Square, Wikipedia (Updated Nov. 5, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman_Square

We are exploring in a three-episode series two First Ladies, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Lady Bird Johnson, who made their marks in the 1960s and 70s. Warning: We will be discussing some matters in these three episodes that could be upsetting or inappropriate for children or individuals with triggers due to mentions of violence or inappropriate behavior in relationships.These two First Ladies each had a significant affect on transportation and public spaces. Why even talk about other aspects of their lives in a podcast that focuses on public space and transportation? My answer is because plans, ideas, and whether they come to fruition often have as much to do with personality as with laws, politics, and societal attitudes. Who these prominent women were and how they were perceived greatly affected how their projects and conduct were accepted, embraced, or rejected. Tumultuous events and societal attitudes would affect their legacies.In Part 1 (Episode 13), we’ll be comparing and contrasting Lady Bird's and Jackie's backgrounds and experiences in the public eye as they approach and become First Ladies.  In Part 2 (Episode 14), we’ll be looking at Jackie’s involvement in preventing the destruction of the character of Lafayette Square in Washington, DC, and Lady Bird’s beautification/environmental efforts and her work in urban planning outside of tourist, official and wealthy Washington. That topic will continue into Part 3 (Episode 15) and we will then conclude the series with Jackie’s advocacy to save Grand Central Terminal/Station.Resources Equity·      Sarah Shoenfeld, Mapping Segregation in DC, DC Policy Center (2019) – https://www.dcpolicycenter.org/publications/mapping-segregation-fha/#_ftnref8·      Kevin Baker, 'Welcome to Fear City' – the inside story of New York's civil war, 40 years on, The Guardian (May 18, 2015)·      Joe Heim, New Lafayette Square marker highlights role of slavery in building White House, Washington Post (July 28, 2021) – https://tudorplace.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/New-Lafayette-Square-marker-highlights-role-of-slavery-in-building-White-House_Washington-Post-07.28.21.pdf ·      Joe Heim, The enslaved people who built and staffed the White House: An afterthought no more, Washington Post (Feb. 17, 2020) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/the-enslaved-people-who-built-and-staffed-the-white-house-an-afterthought-no-more/2020/02/17/5e5393ea-483c-11ea-8124-0ca81effcdfb_story.html ·      Lina Mann, Building the White House, White House Historical Association (Jan. 3, 2020) – https://www.whitehousehistory.org/building-the-white-house  Biographies·      Books in order of first ladies·     Jaqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: The Untold Story, Barbara Leaming (2014), is a full biography and argues that Jackie suffered for years after the assassination with post-traumatic stress disorder. ·     A Woman Named Jackie, C. David Heymann (1989), a bit of a trashy biography, but it hits the high and low points.·     Lady Bird: A Biography of Mrs. Johnson (1999), a full biography that concentrates on the Lady Bird’s childhood and marriage, and her place in her husband’s political career·     Lady Bird Johnson: Hiding in Plain Sight, Julia Sweig (2021) focuses on Lady Bird’s time as first lady, specifically her role as political advisor and her activities as an environmentalist, urban planner, and women’s advocate during those years.) ·     Lady Bird Johnson and the Environment, Lewis L. Gould (1988, 2021) (Chapter 6: A Pattern of Quality for Washington’s Neighborhoods, provides in-depth, scholarly coverage of the involved work of Lady Bird, her staff, and those she brought in as donors or staff for small and large-scale projects in black neighborhoods of Washington, DC.) – available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1p2gjzg Podcasts·     History Chicks·     Lady Bird Johnson – Episode 157 – http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-157-lady-bird-johnson/ ·     In Plain Sight: Lady Bird Johnson – 10-part series – http://www.juliasweig.com/new-page-4 ·     Jaqueline Kennedy Onassis – Part One – Episode 101 – http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-101-jacqueline-bouvier-kennedy-onassis-part-one/ ·     Jaqueline Kennedy Onassis – Part Two – Episode 102 – http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-101-jacqueline-kennedy-onassis-part-two/ ·     Bowery Boys, The Rescue of Grand Central Terminal: Jackie and the Landmark Express Go to Washington - https://www.boweryboyshistory.com/2018/02/rescue-grand-central-terminal-jackie-landmark-express-go-washington.html  Other sources·     A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy ·     Wikipedia summary - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tour_of_the_White_House_with_Mrs._John_F._Kennedy·     Video of the entire television special – https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x74jyr0 ·     The Historic Preservation Legacy of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Kathleen P. Galop, Forum Journal & Forum Focus, National Trust for Historic Preservation Leadership Forum (Spring 2006) – https://forum.savingplaces.org/viewdocument/the-historic-preservation-legacy-of ·     Lauren Elyse Garcia, When Eartha Kitt Disrupted the Ladies Who Lunch, The New Yorker (Feb. 16, 2022) –https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-documentary/when-eartha-kitt-disrupted-the-ladies-who-lunch ·     Russell Roe, Lady Bird in Big Bend, Texas Parks & Wildlife (July 2016) – https://tpwmagazine.com/archive/2016/jul/LLL_ladybird/  ·     First Lady Lady Bird Johnson 1912-2007 Memorial Tributes in the One Hundred Tenth Congress of the United States, Government Printing Office (2008)·     Will Children's Island Grow Up?, Washington Post (Aug. 13, 1977) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/08/13/will-childrens-island-grow-up/852db7b0-73ee-4a55-a660-d1865ab304df/ ·     Kingman + Heritage Islands (Undated, but with up-to-date information) – https://www.kingmanisland.com/kingman-history and https://www.kingmanisland.com/the-future ·     Clyde Haberman, Looking Out on Grand Central, and Looking Back on Saving It, NYTimes (Jan. 27, 2013) – https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/nyregion/kent-l-barwick-on-saving-grand-central-with-help-of-jacqueline-kennedy-onassis.html?searchResultPosition=1 (available for free through library card access)·     Emily Nonko, How preservationists and Jackie O got the supreme court to save Grand Central Terminal in 1978, 6 sqft (June 21, 2018) – https://www.6sqft.com/how-preservationists-and-jackie-o-got-the-supreme-court-to-save-grand-central-terminal-in-1978/ ·     Tina Cassidy, The Surprising Role Jackie Kennedy Onassis Played in Saving Grand Central, Bloomberg (Feb. 5, 2013) – https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-02-05/the-surprising-role-jackie-kennedy-onassis-played-in-saving-grand-central ·     Rally Held for Grand Central to Be a Landmark Again, NYTimes (Apr. 16, 1975) – (available via ProQuest through a library card in many local library sysyems). Further Afield·     Black Lives Matter Plaza (near Lafayette Square) – https://washington.org/visit-dc/black-lives-matter-plaza ·     Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum – https://www.si.edu/museums/renwick-gallery ·     David Finley, 1st Director of National Gallery, Dies, Jean R. Hailey, Washington Post (Feb. 2, 1977) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1977/02/02/david-finley-1st-director-of-national-gallery-dies/b44b3702-f9ef-4088-a224-4440a47c9a68/ (Mr. Finley’s interactions with Jackie Kennedy and preserving the historic character of Lafayette Square are not mentioned in the obituary.)·     Andrew Giambrone, D.C.-born residents predominantly live on the eastern end of the city, analysis shows, Curbed Washington DC (Dec. 14, 2018) – https://dc.curbed.com/2018/12/14/18140721/dc-residents-native-washingtonians-anacostia-river-gentrification ·     Laurie Mazur, Can a Park Prevent Gentrification? (op-ed), Next City (Feb. 10, 2021) – https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/can-a-park-prevent-gentrification

We are exploring in a three-episode series two First Ladies, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Lady Bird Johnson, who made their marks in the 1960s and 70s. Warning: We will be discussing some matters in these three episodes that could be upsetting or inappropriate for children or individuals with triggers due to mentions of violence or inappropriate behavior in relationships.These two First Ladies each had a significant affect on transportation and public spaces. Why even talk about other aspects of their lives in a podcast that focuses on public space and transportation? My answer is because plans, ideas, and whether they come to fruition often have as much to do with personality as with laws, politics, and societal attitudes. Who these prominent women were and how they were perceived greatly affected how their projects and conduct were accepted, embraced, or rejected. Tumultuous events and societal attitudes would affect their legacies. In Part 1 (Episode 13), we’ll be comparing and contrasting Lady Bird's and Jackie's backgrounds and experiences in the public eye as they approach and become First Ladies.  In Part 2 (Episode 14), we’ll be looking at Jackie’s involvement in preventing the destruction of the character of Lafayette Square in Washington, DC, and Lady Bird’s beautification/environmental efforts and her work in urban planning outside of tourist, official and wealthy Washington. That topic will continue into Part 3 (Episode 15) and we will then conclude the series with Jackie’s advocacy to save Grand Central Terminal/Station.ResourcesSources for more information:Please note that the newspaper articles are available for free through many public library systems. They are not all available otherwise on the Internet. Equity·      Sarah Shoenfeld, Mapping Segregation in DC, DC Policy Center (2019) – https://www.dcpolicycenter.org/publications/mapping-segregation-fha/#_ftnref8·      Kevin Baker, 'Welcome to Fear City' – the inside story of New York's civil war, 40 years on, The Guardian (May 18, 2015)·      Joe Heim, New Lafayette Square marker highlights role of slavery in building White House, Washington Post (July 28, 2021) – https://tudorplace.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/New-Lafayette-Square-marker-highlights-role-of-slavery-in-building-White-House_Washington-Post-07.28.21.pdf ·      Joe Heim, The enslaved people who built and staffed the White House: An afterthought no more, Washington Post (Feb. 17, 2020) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/the-enslaved-people-who-built-and-staffed-the-white-house-an-afterthought-no-more/2020/02/17/5e5393ea-483c-11ea-8124-0ca81effcdfb_story.html ·      Lina Mann, Building the White House, White House Historical Association (Jan. 3, 2020) – https://www.whitehousehistory.org/building-the-white-house  Biographies·      Books in order of first ladieso   Jaqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: The Untold Story, Barbara Leaming (2014), is a full biography and argues that Jackie suffered for years after the assassination with post-traumatic stress disorder. o   A Woman Named Jackie, C. David Heymann (1989), a bit of a trashy biography, but it hits the high and low points.o   Lady Bird: A Biography of Mrs. Johnson (1999), a full biography that concentrates on the Lady Bird’s childhood and marriage, and her place in her husband’s political careero   Lady Bird Johnson: Hiding in Plain Sight, Julia Sweig (2021) focuses on Lady Bird’s time as first lady, specifically her role as political advisor and her activities as an environmentalist, urban planner, and women’s advocate during those years.) o   Lady Bird Johnson and the Environment, Lewis L. Gould (1988, 2021) (Chapter 6: A Pattern of Quality for Washington’s Neighborhoods, provides in-depth, scholarly coverage of the involved work of Lady Bird, her staff, and those she brought in as donors or staff for small and large-scale projects in black neighborhoods of Washington, DC.) – available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1p2gjzg ·      Podcastso   History Chicks§  Lady Bird Johnson – Episode 157 – http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-157-lady-bird-johnson/ §  In Plain Sight: Lady Bird Johnson – 10-part series – http://www.juliasweig.com/new-page-4 §  Jaqueline Kennedy Onassis – Part One – Episode 101 – http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-101-jacqueline-bouvier-kennedy-onassis-part-one/ §  Jaqueline Kennedy Onassis – Part Two – Episode 102 – http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-101-jacqueline-kennedy-onassis-part-two/ o   Bowery Boys§  The Rescue of Grand Central Terminal: Jackie and the Landmark Express Go to Washington - https://www.boweryboyshistory.com/2018/02/rescue-grand-central-terminal-jackie-landmark-express-go-washington.html  ·      Other sourceso   A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy §  Wikipedia summary - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tour_of_the_White_House_with_Mrs._John_F._Kennedy§  Video of the entire television special – https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x74jyr0 o   The Historic Preservation Legacy of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Kathleen P. Galop, Forum Journal & Forum Focus, National Trust for Historic Preservation Leadership Forum (Spring 2006) – https://forum.savingplaces.org/viewdocument/the-historic-preservation-legacy-of o   Lauren Elyse Garcia, When Eartha Kitt Disrupted the Ladies Who Lunch, The New Yorker (Feb. 16, 2022) –https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-documentary/when-eartha-kitt-disrupted-the-ladies-who-lunch o   Lloyd Grove, Child of Fortune, Take 2, Washington Post (July 8, 1998) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/features/currier.htm o   Russell Roe, Lady Bird in Big Bend, Texas Parks & Wildlife (July 2016) – https://tpwmagazine.com/archive/2016/jul/LLL_ladybird/  o   First Lady Lady Bird Johnson 1912-2007 Memorial Tributes in the One Hundred Tenth Congress of the United States, Government Printing Office (2008)o   Will Children's Island Grow Up?, Washington Post (Aug. 13, 1977) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/08/13/will-childrens-island-grow-up/852db7b0-73ee-4a55-a660-d1865ab304df/ o   Kingman + Heritage Islands (Undated, but with up-to-date information) – https://www.kingmanisland.com/kingman-history and https://www.kingmanisland.com/the-future o   Clarence Williams, D.C. Neighborhood Struggles Against Culture of Violence, Wash. Post (Apr. 27, 2002) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/04/27/dc-neighborhood-struggles-against-culture-of-violence/78cc20c1-31e6-41f1-8d0f-25f927482c6d/o   Clyde Haberman, Looking Out on Grand Central, and Looking Back on Saving It, NYTimes (Jan. 27, 2013) – https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/nyregion/kent-l-barwick-on-saving-grand-central-with-help-of-jacqueline-kennedy-onassis.html?searchResultPosition=1 (available for free through library card access)o   Emily Nonko, How preservationists and Jackie O got the supreme court to save Grand Central Terminal in 1978, 6 sqft (June 21, 2018) – https://www.6sqft.com/how-preservationists-and-jackie-o-got-the-supreme-court-to-save-grand-central-terminal-in-1978/ o   Tina Cassidy, The Surprising Role Jackie Kennedy Onassis Played in Saving Grand Central, Bloomberg (Feb. 5, 2013) – https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-02-05/the-surprising-role-jackie-kennedy-onassis-played-in-saving-grand-central o   Rally Held for Grand Central to Be a Landmark Again, NYTimes (Apr. 16, 1975) – (available via ProQuest through a library card in many local library sysyems). ·      Further Afieldo   Black Lives Matter Plaza (near Lafayette Square) – https://washington.org/visit-dc/black-lives-matter-plaza o   Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum – https://www.si.edu/museums/renwick-gallery o   David Finley, 1st Director of National Gallery, Dies, Jean R. Hailey, Washington Post (Feb. 2, 1977) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1977/02/02/david-finley-1st-director-of-national-gallery-dies/b44b3702-f9ef-4088-a224-4440a47c9a68/ (Mr. Finley’s interactions with Jackie Kennedy and preserving the historic character of Lafayette Square are not mentioned in the obituary.)o   Andrew Giambrone, D.C.-born residents predominantly live on the eastern end of the city, analysis shows, Curbed Washington DC (Dec. 14, 2018) – https://dc.curbed.com/2018/12/14/18140721/dc-residents-native-washingtonians-anacostia-river-gentrification o   Laurie Mazur, Can a Park Prevent Gentrification? (op-ed), Next City (Feb. 10, 2021) – https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/can-a-park-prevent-gentrification

We are exploring in a three-episode series two First Ladies, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Lady Bird Johnson, who made their marks in the 1960s and 70s. Warning: We will be discussing some matters in these three episodes that could be upsetting or inappropriate for children or individuals with triggers due to mentions of violence or inappropriate behavior in relationships.These two First Ladies each had a significant affect on transportation and public spaces. Why even talk about other aspects of their lives in a podcast that focuses on public space and transportation? My answer is because plans, ideas, and whether they come to fruition often have as much to do with personality as with laws, politics, and societal attitudes. Who these prominent women were and how they were perceived greatly affected how their projects and conduct were accepted, embraced, or rejected. Tumultuous events and societal attitudes would affect their legacies.In Part 1 (Episode 13), we’ll be comparing and contrasting Lady Bird's and Jackie's backgrounds and experiences in the public eye as they approach and become First Ladies.  In Part 2 (Episode 14), we’ll be looking at Jackie’s involvement in preventing the destruction of the character of Lafayette Square in Washington, DC, and Lady Bird’s beautification/environmental efforts and her work in urban planning outside of tourist, official and wealthy Washington. That topic will continue into Part 3 (Episode 15) and we will then conclude the series with Jackie’s advocacy to save Grand Central Terminal/Station.Resources Sources for more information:Please note that the newspaper articles are available for free through many public library systems. They are not all available otherwise on the Internet. Equity·      Sarah Shoenfeld, Mapping Segregation in DC, DC Policy Center (2019) – https://www.dcpolicycenter.org/publications/mapping-segregation-fha/#_ftnref8·      Kevin Baker, 'Welcome to Fear City' – the inside story of New York's civil war, 40 years on, The Guardian (May 18, 2015)·      Joe Heim, New Lafayette Square marker highlights role of slavery in building White House, Washington Post (July 28, 2021) – https://tudorplace.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/New-Lafayette-Square-marker-highlights-role-of-slavery-in-building-White-House_Washington-Post-07.28.21.pdf ·      Joe Heim, The enslaved people who built and staffed the White House: An afterthought no more, Washington Post (Feb. 17, 2020) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/the-enslaved-people-who-built-and-staffed-the-white-house-an-afterthought-no-more/2020/02/17/5e5393ea-483c-11ea-8124-0ca81effcdfb_story.html ·      Lina Mann, Building the White House, White House Historical Association (Jan. 3, 2020) – https://www.whitehousehistory.org/building-the-white-house  Biographies·      Books in order of first ladieso   Jaqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: The Untold Story, Barbara Leaming (2014), is a full biography and argues that Jackie suffered for years after the assassination with post-traumatic stress disorder. o   A Woman Named Jackie, C. David Heymann (1989), a bit of a trashy biography, but it hits the high and low points.o   Lady Bird: A Biography of Mrs. Johnson (1999), a full biography that concentrates on the Lady Bird’s childhood and marriage, and her place in her husband’s political careero   Lady Bird Johnson: Hiding in Plain Sight, Julia Sweig (2021) focuses on Lady Bird’s time as first lady, specifically her role as political advisor and her activities as an environmentalist, urban planner, and women’s advocate during those years.) o   Lady Bird Johnson and the Environment, Lewis L. Gould (1988, 2021) (Chapter 6: A Pattern of Quality for Washington’s Neighborhoods, provides in-depth, scholarly coverage of the involved work of Lady Bird, her staff, and those she brought in as donors or staff for small and large-scale projects in black neighborhoods of Washington, DC.) – available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1p2gjzg ·      Podcastso   History Chicks§  Lady Bird Johnson – Episode 157 – http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-157-lady-bird-johnson/ §  In Plain Sight: Lady Bird Johnson – 10-part series – http://www.juliasweig.com/new-page-4 §  Jaqueline Kennedy Onassis – Part One – Episode 101 – http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-101-jacqueline-bouvier-kennedy-onassis-part-one/ §  Jaqueline Kennedy Onassis – Part Two – Episode 102 – http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-101-jacqueline-kennedy-onassis-part-two/ o   Bowery Boys§  The Rescue of Grand Central Terminal: Jackie and the Landmark Express Go to Washington - https://www.boweryboyshistory.com/2018/02/rescue-grand-central-terminal-jackie-landmark-express-go-washington.html  ·      Other sourceso   A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy §  Wikipedia summary - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tour_of_the_White_House_with_Mrs._John_F._Kennedy§  Video of the entire television special – https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x74jyr0 o   The Historic Preservation Legacy of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Kathleen P. Galop, Forum Journal & Forum Focus, National Trust for Historic Preservation Leadership Forum (Spring 2006) – https://forum.savingplaces.org/viewdocument/the-historic-preservation-legacy-of o   Lauren Elyse Garcia, When Eartha Kitt Disrupted the Ladies Who Lunch, The New Yorker (Feb. 16, 2022) –https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-documentary/when-eartha-kitt-disrupted-the-ladies-who-lunch o   Lloyd Grove, Child of Fortune, Take 2, Washington Post (July 8, 1998) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/features/currier.htm o   Russell Roe, Lady Bird in Big Bend, Texas Parks & Wildlife (July 2016) – https://tpwmagazine.com/archive/2016/jul/LLL_ladybird/  o   First Lady Lady Bird Johnson 1912-2007 Memorial Tributes in the One Hundred Tenth Congress of the United States, Government Printing Office (2008)o   Will Children's Island Grow Up?, Washington Post (Aug. 13, 1977) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/08/13/will-childrens-island-grow-up/852db7b0-73ee-4a55-a660-d1865ab304df/ o   Kingman + Heritage Islands (Undated, but with up-to-date information) – https://www.kingmanisland.com/kingman-history and https://www.kingmanisland.com/the-future o   Clarence Williams, D.C. Neighborhood Struggles Against Culture of Violence, Wash. Post (Apr. 27, 2002) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/04/27/dc-neighborhood-struggles-against-culture-of-violence/78cc20c1-31e6-41f1-8d0f-25f927482c6d/o   Clyde Haberman, Looking Out on Grand Central, and Looking Back on Saving It, NYTimes (Jan. 27, 2013) – https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/nyregion/kent-l-barwick-on-saving-grand-central-with-help-of-jacqueline-kennedy-onassis.html?searchResultPosition=1 (available for free through library card access)o   Emily Nonko, How preservationists and Jackie O got the supreme court to save Grand Central Terminal in 1978, 6 sqft (June 21, 2018) – https://www.6sqft.com/how-preservationists-and-jackie-o-got-the-supreme-court-to-save-grand-central-terminal-in-1978/ o   Tina Cassidy, The Surprising Role Jackie Kennedy Onassis Played in Saving Grand Central, Bloomberg (Feb. 5, 2013) – https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-02-05/the-surprising-role-jackie-kennedy-onassis-played-in-saving-grand-central o   Rally Held for Grand Central to Be a Landmark Again, NYTimes (Apr. 16, 1975) – (available via ProQuest through a library card in many local library sysyems). ·      Further Afieldo   Black Lives Matter Plaza (near Lafayette Square) – https://washington.org/visit-dc/black-lives-matter-plaza o   Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum – https://www.si.edu/museums/renwick-gallery o   David Finley, 1st Director of National Gallery, Dies, Jean R. Hailey, Washington Post (Feb. 2, 1977) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1977/02/02/david-finley-1st-director-of-national-gallery-dies/b44b3702-f9ef-4088-a224-4440a47c9a68/ (Mr. Finley’s interactions with Jackie Kennedy and preserving the historic character of Lafayette Square are not mentioned in the obituary.)o   Andrew Giambrone, D.C.-born residents predominantly live on the eastern end of the city, analysis shows, Curbed Washington DC (Dec. 14, 2018) – https://dc.curbed.com/2018/12/14/18140721/dc-residents-native-washingtonians-anacostia-river-gentrification o   Laurie Mazur, Can a Park Prevent Gentrification? (op-ed), Next City (Feb. 10, 2021) – https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/can-a-park-prevent-gentrification

Episode 12Movies - West Side Story – Original movie made in 1961 & remake made in 2021These two movie versions of West Side Story offer poverty, gangs, and a disappearing neighborhood as a backdrop for beautiful retellings of Romeo and Juliet. But these films are also excellent prisms through which to view attitudes about city neighborhoods and urban spaces from two different periods of time. 1961 was the heyday of suburbia in the US, while the bloom had long disappeared from that rose by the remake of West Side Story in 2021. The first version gives us a dingier and lonelier urban landscape, while the second version emphasizes the vibrancy of the neighborhood and the injustice that is being done to the people who live there with its destruction. In the neighborhood's place will be Robert Moses' "urban renewal" project of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and the adjacent development of Lincoln Towers. We talk about Lincoln Towers, both as its future is portrayed in the movies and as it was actually planned and transformed over the decades. With so much of the films, especially the first, taking place in playgrounds, we talk about the history of the playground movement. We also visit the 72nd St. subway station, which appears in the second version of the movie, and talk about its history.Our moment in equity talks about the history of Lincoln Towers, who appears in each movie, and the career of Rita Moreno. Sources Megan Margino, Play Strike! Exploring NYC Playgrounds Through Historical Newspapers, New York Public Library (Aug. 26, 2014) – https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/08/26/play-strike-nyc-playground-history   Ariel Aberg-Riger, The Surprising History of Politics and Design in Playgrounds, CityLab Design (May 16, 2019) (an illustrated graphic history) – https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-16/the-politics-behind-every-new-york-city-playground  72nd Street Subway Station, Michael Minn (blog undated) – https://michaelminn.net/newyork/areas/upper-west-side/72nd-street-subway-station/index.html  The Cloisters Museum & Gardens, New York Landmark’s Conservancy (Undated) – https://nylandmarks.org/explore-ny/the-cloisters-museum-gardens/  Moment in Equity Rita Moreno: Just a Girl Who Decided to Go for It, American Masters (Season 5, Episode 10), Corporation for Public Broadcasting (Oct. 5, 2021) – https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/stream-rita-moreno-documentary/11654/#  Adam Kapner, History of Lincoln Towers in New York City, Neighborhood: Upper West Side (Sept. 13, 2020) – https://lincolntowersnewyork.com/history-of-lincoln-towers-nyc/

Because of all the twists and turns before Moynihan Train Hall was finally built, there is lots of repetition in this episode about delays, plans and funding looking good before hitting a wall, and outsize personalities putting themselves ahead of the public good. This is a long episode! In episodes 10 and 11, we dive into the history of Moynihan Train Hall or, as it’s actually known, Moynihan Station. We cover:A very brief history of the original Penn or Pennsylvania Station in NYC and its destruction.History of the building in which Moynihan Train Hall is situated and its original purpose.Who was Daniel Patrick Moynihan that we have a train station named after him?How Moynihan Train Hall came to be built.A tragedy intimately connected to the realization of the long-delayed dream of this train station. Short epilogue - plans for refurbishing Penn Station, natural light and all.Episode 11 begins part way through the planning - and search for sufficient funding - to build the train hall in the chosen location and the episode covers developments up to the present plans for redoing Penn Station.In episodes 10 and 11, instead of a moment in equity, there are several moments scattered throughout the two episodes, mostly quotes from Daniel Patrick Moynihan, for whom Moynihan Train Hall is named.Sources Killer’s Kiss (Movie scenes filmed on location at the original Penn Station in New York City) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NN6bl9IqwAQ [Relevant scenes are the opening scene and the final scene. The final scene shows more of the station and it begins at 1 hour, 4 minutes into the film.) Miracle on 34th Street (Movie scene filmed on location at the sorting room of the General Post Office, then Farley Post Office, that was transformed into Moynihan Train Hall. The scene features veteran actor Jack Albertson) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeqOkYDqNw8  Robert Khederian, The birth, life, death of old Penn Station, Curbed New York (Nov. 7, 2017) (Shows many photographs of the old Penn Station) – https://ny.curbed.com/2017/11/7/16616314/old-penn-station-history-photos-mckim  Ian Volner, The Moynihan Train Hall’s Glorious Arrival, New Yorker (Jan. 13, 2021) – https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-moynihan-train-halls-glorious-arrival  James A. Farley Building, Wikipedia (Updated July 26, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Farley_Building  Kelly Winters, Daniel Patrick Moynihan Biography, Encyclopedia of World Biography (Undated) – https://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2004-Ko-Pr/Moynihan-Daniel-Patrick.html  Michael Kimmelman, A Grand Step Toward a Better City, NY Times (Jan. 14, 2021) – available via Gale OneFile with a library card. MIL-OSI USA: Moynihan Train Hall Grand Opening, ForeignAffairs.co.nz (Dec. 31, 2020, (p. NA. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A647061556/STND?u=rock21695&sid=bookmark-STND&xid=16213c15) Marilyn Jordan Taylor, Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 22, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Jordan_Taylor#Gallery  Jared Brey, Marilyn Jordan Taylor on Moynihan Train Hall, Weitzman News (Apr. 8, 2021) Moynihan Train Hall, Wikipedia (Updated Aug. 17, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moynihan_Train_Hall  Joseph J.Fins, When Pat and Bob nearly saved health care reform: A lesson in Senatorial bedside manner, The Conversation (July 26, 2017) – https://theconversation.com/when-pat-and-bob-nearly-saved-health-care-reform-a-lesson-in-senatorial-bedside-manner-81649  Robin Toner, The Health Care Debate: News Analysis; The Moynihan Puzzle, NY Times (June 29, 1994) David Dunlap, Amtrak Unveils Its Design To Transform Post Office, NY Times (May 2, 1993) via ProQuest (available through library card access). Clinton for New Station, NY Times (Oct. 28, 1993) via Gale General OneFile (available through library card access). Michelle Krebs, What's the Fairest Roadster of Them All?, NY Times (Aug. 31, 1997) via US Newstream on ProQuest (available through library card access). David Dunlap, Plan Gains for Post Office to Be New Penn Station, NY Times (Feb 9, 1998)  Richard Perez-Pena, Proposed L.I.R.R. Link To Grand Central Gains, NY Times (Feb 16, 1997) via US Newstream on ProQuest (available through library card access). Thomas J Lueck, Senate Vote Furthers Plan To Overhaul Penn Station, NY Times (Aug. 11, 1995) via US Newstream on ProQuest (available through library card access). Martha Moore, Next door in store for Penn Station?, USA Today (Jan. 21, 1998) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Thomas J. Lueck, Deal Will Give A Grand Space To Penn Station: Converting Post Office, With Eye on the Past Deal Will Give Pennsylvania Station a New Home, NY Times (Mar. 5, 1998) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Blaine Harden, In N.Y., Recreating A Penn Station Past: Moynihan Engineers a Rail Reincarnation For Adjacent Post Office of Similar Design, Washington Post (Apr. 25, 1998) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Editorial: Half a Station Won’t Do, NY Daily News (Mar. 6, 1998) on ProQuest (available through library card access). David Dunlap, Clearing the Tracks for Penn Station III, NY Times (Jan. 3, 1999) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Charles Bagli, State's Project for a Grand New Penn Station Is Moving Again, NY Times (Oct. 28, 2004) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Charles Bagli, Station Plan Is Called Dead, But It May Just Be Napping, NY Times (Oct. 19, 2006) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Jesse McKinley and Luis Ferré-Sadurní, Sheldon Silver, 77, New York Power Broker Convicted of Corruption, Dies, NY Times (Jan. 24, 2022) – https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/nyregion/sheldon-silver-dead.html  Charles Bagli, Cuomo's Vision for Revamped Penn Station: New Home for Amtrak and L.I.R.R., NY Times (Sept. 27, 2016) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Lore Croghan, Amtrak Sez All Aboard on Station, NY Daily News (Sept. 14, 2009) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Michael N. Grynbaum, The Joys and Woes of Penn Station at 100, NY Times (Oct. 18, 2010) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Charles Bagli, Cuomo Considers Reset for Long-Delayed Penn Station Expansion, NY Times (Dec. 14, 2015) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Alfonso A. Castillo, Cuomo asks Trump for Penn Station 'emergency' funding: Governor calls for Port Authority takeover of aging hub LIRR commuters subjected to 'deplorable' conditions, Newsday (May 22, 2017) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Governor Cuomo and Senator Schumer Mark the Opening of Expanded West End Concourse in Penn Station, Targeted News Service (June 19, 2017) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Alfonso A. Castillo, MTA vows to withhold Penn rent to Amtrak, AM New York (June 20, 2017) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Marc J. Dunkelman, This Is Why Your Holiday Travel Is Awful, Politico (Nov. 29, 2019) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Ralph R. Ortega, Editor’s note: Moving MSG could be a winner for New York City, City & State New York (Sept. 27, 2022) – https://www.cityandstateny.com/opinion/2022/09/editors-note-moving-msg-could-be-winner-new-york-city/377669/  Isable Vincent, Moynihan Train Hall czar killed himself as pressure mounted for Cuomo’s jewel project, New York Post (Jan. 9, 2021) – https://nypost.com/2021/01/09/moynihan-train-hall-czar-killed-himself-as-pressure-mounted/  Matthew Haag, Facebook Bets Big on Future of N.Y.C., and Offices, With New Lease, NY Times (Aug. 3, 2020) – https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/nyregion/facebook-nyc-office-farley-building.html  Brian Falconer and Ick Kim, Moynihan Train Hall: A New Era for James A. Farley Building, Structure Magazine (Aug. 2022) – https://www.structuremag.org/?p=21065  Stephen Nessen, Lawmakers call for more seating in the $1.6 billion Moynihan Train Hall, Gothamist (Feb. 4, 2022) – https://gothamist.com/news/lawmakers-call-more-seating-16-billion-moynihan-train-hall  Equity Quotes Jonathan Yardley, Daniel Patrick Moynihan: Family Matters, Washington Post (Feb. 2, 1986) (book review of Family and Nation by Daniel Patrick Moynihan) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1986/02/02/daniel-patrick-moynihan-family-matters/5fc012c6-f04a-4b6f-8729-4be80fdc4a04/  Daniel P. Moynihan, More Than Social Security Was at Stake, Washington Post (op-ed) (Jan. 18, 1983) – Pro Quest search (An exploration of history similar quotes dating back to Bernard Baruch can be found at People Are Entitled To Their Own Opinions But Not To Their Own Facts, Quote Investigator (Mar. 17, 2020) – https://quoteinvestigator.com/2020/03/17/own-facts/#f+437589+1+9) The Moynihan Report: The Negro Family, The Case for National Action (posted on blackpast.org) (March 1965) – https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/moynihan-report-1965/  Courtland Milloy, Black people live longest in places where they can prosper, Washington Post (Op-ed Oct. 4, 2022) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2022/10/04/black-progress-index-blacks-live-longest-prosper/

In episodes 10 and 11, we dive into the history of Moynihan Train Hall or, as it’s actually known, Moynihan Station. We cover:A very brief history of the original Penn or Pennsylvania Station in NYC and its destruction.History of the building in which Moynihan Train Hall is situated and its original purpose.Who was Daniel Patrick Moynihan that we have a train station named after him?How Moynihan Train Hall came to be built.A tragedy intimately connected to the realization of the long-delayed dream of this train station. Short epilogue - plans for refurbishing Penn Station, natural light and all.Episode 10 takes us partway through the planning - and search for sufficient funding - to build the train hall in the chosen location. In episodes 10 and 11, instead of a moment in equity, there are several moments scattered throughout the two episodes, mostly quotes from Daniel Patrick Moynihan, for whom Moynihan Train Hall is named. Sources Killer’s Kiss (Movie scenes filmed on location at the original Penn Station in New York City) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NN6bl9IqwAQ [Relevant scenes are the opening scene and the final scene. The final scene shows more of the station and it begins at 1 hour, 4 minutes into the film.) Miracle on 34th Street (Movie scene filmed on location at the sorting room of the General Post Office, then Farley Post Office, that was transformed into Moynihan Train Hall. The scene features veteran actor Jack Albertson) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeqOkYDqNw8  Robert Khederian, The birth, life, death of old Penn Station, Curbed New York (Nov. 7, 2017) (Shows many photographs of the old Penn Station) – https://ny.curbed.com/2017/11/7/16616314/old-penn-station-history-photos-mckim  Ian Volner, The Moynihan Train Hall’s Glorious Arrival, New Yorker (Jan. 13, 2021) – https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-moynihan-train-halls-glorious-arrival  James A. Farley Building, Wikipedia (Updated July 26, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Farley_Building  Kelly Winters, Daniel Patrick Moynihan Biography, Encyclopedia of World Biography (Undated) – https://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2004-Ko-Pr/Moynihan-Daniel-Patrick.html  Michael Kimmelman, A Grand Step Toward a Better City, NY Times (Jan. 14, 2021) – available via Gale OneFile with a library card. MIL-OSI USA: Moynihan Train Hall Grand Opening, ForeignAffairs.co.nz (Dec. 31, 2020, (p. NA. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A647061556/STND?u=rock21695&sid=bookmark-STND&xid=16213c15) Marilyn Jordan Taylor, Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 22, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Jordan_Taylor#Gallery  Jared Brey, Marilyn Jordan Taylor on Moynihan Train Hall, Weitzman News (Apr. 8, 2021) Moynihan Train Hall, Wikipedia (Updated Aug. 17, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moynihan_Train_Hall  Joseph J.Fins, When Pat and Bob nearly saved health care reform: A lesson in Senatorial bedside manner, The Conversation (July 26, 2017) – https://theconversation.com/when-pat-and-bob-nearly-saved-health-care-reform-a-lesson-in-senatorial-bedside-manner-81649  Robin Toner, The Health Care Debate: News Analysis; The Moynihan Puzzle, NY Times (June 29, 1994) David Dunlap, Amtrak Unveils Its Design To Transform Post Office, NY Times (May 2, 1993) via ProQuest (available through library card access). Clinton for New Station, NY Times (Oct. 28, 1993) via Gale General OneFile (available through library card access). Michelle Krebs, What's the Fairest Roadster of Them All?, NY Times (Aug. 31, 1997) via US Newstream on ProQuest (available through library card access). David Dunlap, Plan Gains for Post Office to Be New Penn Station, NY Times (Feb 9, 1998)  Richard Perez-Pena, Proposed L.I.R.R. Link To Grand Central Gains, NY Times (Feb 16, 1997) via US Newstream on ProQuest (available through library card access). Thomas J Lueck, Senate Vote Furthers Plan To Overhaul Penn Station, NY Times (Aug. 11, 1995) via US Newstream on ProQuest (available through library card access). Martha Moore, Next door in store for Penn Station?, USA Today (Jan. 21, 1998) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Thomas J. Lueck, Deal Will Give A Grand Space To Penn Station: Converting Post Office, With Eye on the Past Deal Will Give Pennsylvania Station a New Home, NY Times (Mar. 5, 1998) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Blaine Harden, In N.Y., Recreating A Penn Station Past: Moynihan Engineers a Rail Reincarnation For Adjacent Post Office of Similar Design, Washington Post (Apr. 25, 1998) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Editorial: Half a Station Won’t Do, NY Daily News (Mar. 6, 1998) on ProQuest (available through library card access). David Dunlap, Clearing the Tracks for Penn Station III, NY Times (Jan. 3, 1999) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Charles Bagli, State's Project for a Grand New Penn Station Is Moving Again, NY Times (Oct. 28, 2004) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Charles Bagli, Station Plan Is Called Dead, But It May Just Be Napping, NY Times (Oct. 19, 2006) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Jesse McKinley and Luis Ferré-Sadurní, Sheldon Silver, 77, New York Power Broker Convicted of Corruption, Dies, NY Times (Jan. 24, 2022) – https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/nyregion/sheldon-silver-dead.html  Charles Bagli, Cuomo's Vision for Revamped Penn Station: New Home for Amtrak and L.I.R.R., NY Times (Sept. 27, 2016) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Lore Croghan, Amtrak Sez All Aboard on Station, NY Daily News (Sept. 14, 2009) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Michael N. Grynbaum, The Joys and Woes of Penn Station at 100, NY Times (Oct. 18, 2010) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Charles Bagli, Cuomo Considers Reset for Long-Delayed Penn Station Expansion, NY Times (Dec. 14, 2015) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Alfonso A. Castillo, Cuomo asks Trump for Penn Station 'emergency' funding: Governor calls for Port Authority takeover of aging hub LIRR commuters subjected to 'deplorable' conditions, Newsday (May 22, 2017) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Governor Cuomo and Senator Schumer Mark the Opening of Expanded West End Concourse in Penn Station, Targeted News Service (June 19, 2017) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Alfonso A. Castillo, MTA vows to withhold Penn rent to Amtrak, AM New York (June 20, 2017) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Marc J. Dunkelman, This Is Why Your Holiday Travel Is Awful, Politico (Nov. 29, 2019) on ProQuest (available through library card access). Ralph R. Ortega, Editor’s note: Moving MSG could be a winner for New York City, City & State New York (Sept. 27, 2022) – https://www.cityandstateny.com/opinion/2022/09/editors-note-moving-msg-could-be-winner-new-york-city/377669/  Isable Vincent, Moynihan Train Hall czar killed himself as pressure mounted for Cuomo’s jewel project, New York Post (Jan. 9, 2021) – https://nypost.com/2021/01/09/moynihan-train-hall-czar-killed-himself-as-pressure-mounted/  Matthew Haag, Facebook Bets Big on Future of N.Y.C., and Offices, With New Lease, NY Times (Aug. 3, 2020) – https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/nyregion/facebook-nyc-office-farley-building.html  Brian Falconer and Ick Kim, Moynihan Train Hall: A New Era for James A. Farley Building, Structure Magazine (Aug. 2022) – https://www.structuremag.org/?p=21065  Stephen Nessen, Lawmakers call for more seating in the $1.6 billion Moynihan Train Hall, Gothamist (Feb. 4, 2022) – https://gothamist.com/news/lawmakers-call-more-seating-16-billion-moynihan-train-hall  Equity Quotes Jonathan Yardley, Daniel Patrick Moynihan: Family Matters, Washington Post (Feb. 2, 1986) (book review of Family and Nation by Daniel Patrick Moynihan) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1986/02/02/daniel-patrick-moynihan-family-matters/5fc012c6-f04a-4b6f-8729-4be80fdc4a04/  Daniel P. Moynihan, More Than Social Security Was at Stake, Washington Post (op-ed) (Jan. 18, 1983) – Pro Quest search (An exploration of history similar quotes dating back to Bernard Baruch can be found at People Are Entitled To Their Own Opinions But Not To Their Own Facts, Quote Investigator (Mar. 17, 2020) – https://quoteinvestigator.com/2020/03/17/own-facts/#f+437589+1+9) The Moynihan Report: The Negro Family, The Case for National Action (posted on blackpast.org) (March 1965) – https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/moynihan-report-1965/  Courtland Milloy, Black people live longest in places where they can prosper, Washington Post (Op-ed Oct. 4, 2022) – https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2022/10/04/black-progress-index-blacks-live-longest-prosper/

While discussing our two movies – The Fugitive, and Ferris Bueller’s Day Off – we'll talk about the Chicago River, the bridges, the L, and parades made famous in those movies. So lots of fun stuff in this episode. A very quick rundown of these movies: The Fugitive is an excellent film, a thriller mystery, from 1993 starring Harrison Ford and Tommy Lee Jones. Ford plays a doctor wrongfully convicted of murdering his wife and he escapes after being sentenced and he’s on the run, all the while trying to collect evidence to find and to prove who is actually guilty. Jones plays the US marshal tasked with bringing the doctor back to prison. Don’t get caught up in why it’s not Chicago or Illinois authorities in charge. It’s explained in the movie. There’s also a good supporting cast. Movie number two is the 1986 classic Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, a comedy about a suburban Chicagoland high school student, Matthew Broderick, who brilliantly fools his parents that he’s sick so that he needs to stay home from school. There’s the principal and Ferris’ sister, played by Jennifer Grey, who seek to prove the ruse, and Ferris’ BFF and his girlfriend, both of whom Ferris convinces to spend the day with him, partly in Chicago. I watched this movie at an outdoor screening this summer and 99 percent of the two hundred or so people had definitely not been born when this movie came out. Spoiler alert: Both movies feature a parade in downtown Chicago. What I like about these two classic movies in terms of this podcast episode is that they are two sides of the same coin. Especially when we discuss the parades, but even as we consider characters moving around in Chicago, which is a good bit of both movies, the city is a backdrop for exploration and adventure – in the Fugitive for hiding, sometimes in plain sight, and in Ferris Bueller, for exuberance and being loud and proud about oneself.Sources Movie LocationsChas Demster, The Fugitive, Filming Locations of Chicago and Los Angeles (2010) – https://www.itsfilmedthere.com/2010/01/fugitive.html Jakob Barnes, Harrison Ford was chased through an actual parade in The Fugitive, The Digital Fix (Aug. 2022)Chas Demster, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, Filming Locations of Chicago and Los Angeles (2010) – https://www.thedigitalfix.com/harrison-ford/chased-through-an-actual-parade-in-the-fugitive https://www.itsfilmedthere.com/2010/01/ferris-buellers-day-off.html AJ LaTrace, Sara Freund, and Jay Koziarz, A Tour of Ferris Bueller’s Chicago, Curbed Chicago (Apr. 1, 2020) – https://chicago.curbed.com/maps/ferris-buellers-day-off-filming-locations-chicago Ferris Bueller’s Day Off Locations: Parking Garage 5/14, Road Trip Film Productions (Oct. 10, 2014) – https://www.google.com/search?q=parking+garage+attendant+ferris+bueller&oq=GARAGE+ATTENDANTS+FERR&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0i22i30l2j0i390l3.10983j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:38b57c98,vid:CaP0innggfw Movie Cars: Five Facts About That Ferrari in “Ferris Bueller’s Day Off,” Collier’s Automedia (Undated) – https://www.collierautomedia.com/movie-cars-five-facts-about-that-ferrari-in-ferris-buellers-day-off   Baker Vostral, The Ferris Bueller’s Day Off scene that introduced a generation to art appreciation, Art Crime (Jan. 30, 2021) – https://artcrimepodcast.wordpress.com/2021/01/30/the-ferris-buellers-day-off-scene-that-introduced-a-new-generation-to-art-appreciation/ Katie Mastropieri, A Brief History Of Chicago's Flamingo, Culture Trip (Dec. 16, 2016) – https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/illinois/articles/a-brief-history-of-chicagos-flamingo/  Chicago’s St. Patrick's Day ParadeSt. Patrick's Day in Chicago, Chicagology, (Mar. 12, 2022) – https://chicagology.com/irishinchicago/stpatricksday/  Von Steuben and Chicago’s Von Steuben’s Day (German) ParadeFerris Bueller’s Day Off – John Highes’ Commentary – Parade, Billy Barnell YouTube (posted Aug. 12, 2016) – https://www.google.com/search?q=parade+scene+ferris+bueller&oq=parade+sce&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i512l4j0i10i22i30i625j0i22i30l4.8601j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:182705ad,vid:rTi-7RuhRs8 Nathan Gibson, Behind The Scenes Of The Famous Parade Scene In 'Ferris Bueller's Day Off’, Ranker (Sept. 23, 2021) – https://www.ranker.com/list/behind-the-scenes-ferris-bueller-parade/nathan-gibson Andy Lewis, Did ‘Ferris Bueller’s Day Off’ Take Place on June 5, 1985?, The Hollywood Reporter (June 5, 2015) – https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/did-ferris-buellers-day-take-800463/  Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Wikipedia (Updated Dec. 4, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben  History of the Board & University of the State of New York, New York State Education Department (Undated) (discussing history of the New York State Regents) – http://www.nysed.gov/about/history-usny.html  Chicago BridgesJames S. Philips, Chicago Loop Bridges, chicagoloopbridges.com (Undated) – http://chicagoloopbridges.com/FAQS12.html#ans2 James S. Philips, Chicago Loop Bridges: Historical Overview, chicagoloopbridges.com (Undated) – http://chicagoloopbridges.com/presentation/knote/present.html  Chicago's Street System Chicago's Grid System, Chicago Studies, University of Chicago (Aug. 26, 2020) (video on the webpage is by Jack Brandtman, who is and produces “Chicago Aussie” videos) – https://chicagostudies.uchicago.edu/grid Chicago’s Grid System, Chicago Aussie Youtube Channel – https://www.youtube.com/c/ChicagoAussie/videos Daniel Hautzinger, How 16 Chicago Streets Got Their Names, WTTW (Nov. 3, 2017) – https://interactive.wttw.com/playlist/2017/11/03/chicago-streets-names Patrick T. Reardon, Who was Edward P. Brennan? Thank heaven for Edward Brennan, The Burnham Blog, The Burnham Plan Centennial (Nov. 23, 2009) – https://burnhamplan100.lib.uchicago.edu/node/2561/ Rationalization of Streets, Encyclopedia of Chicago (Undated) – http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/410052.html#:~:text=In%201901%2C%20Edward%20P.,enforced%20beginning%20September%201%2C%201909.  Chicago LTom Schaffner, 14 Questions About Chicago’s L Answered, LStop Tours (Jan. 7, 2021) – https://www.lstoptours.com/blog/14-questions-about-chicagos-l-train-answered  Moment in Equity“Drive Slow” short film – https://www.endangeredpeace.com/drive-slow

Notes for episodes 7 and 8American College and University CampusIn episodes 7 and 8, we look at the history of the American college and university campus from the commencement of British American settlement through modern times. The open and public spaces of campuses, as well as the design of buildings and overall layouts, reflect societal trends, philosophies, and prejudices as much as the changing purpose of higher education itself. We explore starting with the first colleges, their charters and founding as institutions meant to educate upper class white men through the post World War II period that has seen a democratization of higher education.  Our moments in equity for these two episodes look at how college establishment and funding were intimately connected to the slave trade, slave labor, and the profits from the sale of slaves in the British colonies and in the pre-Civil War United States. ResourcesPaul Venable Turner, Campus: An American planning tradition (MIT Press 1987) A History of Stanford, Stanford University (Undated) – https://www.stanford.edu/about/history/  College of William & Mary, Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 17, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary Royal Charter (Feb. 8, 1693) [posted on Internet Archive Wayback Machine (Updated Mar. 26, 2012) – https://web.archive.org/web/20120529035803/http://scdb.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Charter#Transcription_of_the_Royal_Charter] History, Columbia University in the City of New York (Undated) – https://www.columbia.edu/content/history  Frederick Law Olmsted: College and School Campuses, National Park Service (undated) –  https://www.nps.gov/frla/learn/historyculture/college-campuses.htm  Judith Schiff, Resources on Yale History: A Brief History of Yale, Yale University Library (Updated June 22, 2021) – https://guides.library.yale.edu/yalehistory  Rebecca Woodham, David J. Trowbridge, and Clio Admin, Nott Memorial, Union College, Clio: Your Guide to History (August 1, 2021, accessed Mar. 15, 2022) – https://theclio.com/entry/6225  Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764-1820), Dickinson College Archives & Special Collections (2005) – https://archives.dickinson.edu/people/benjamin-henry-latrobe-1764-1820  Benjamin Henry Latrobe, Wikipedia (Updated Nov. 23, 2021) –  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe  Lisa Chase, Imagining Utopia: Landscape Design at Smith College, 1871-1910, 65 New England Quarterly no. 4, p. 560 (Dec. 1992) – https://garden.smith.edu/sites/garden/files/imagining-utopia-lisa-chase.pdf  Jim McCarthy, Spotlight on…Gallaudet University, National Association for Olmsted Parks (Mar. 14, 2022) – https://olmsted200.org/spotlight-on-gallaudet-university/  Rebecca Beatrice Brooks, History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, History of Massachusetts Blog (May 30, 2021) – https://historyofmassachusetts.org/cambridge-ma-history/  Brief History of Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge Historical Commission (undated) – https://www.cambridgema.gov/historic/cambridgehistory  Harvard Square is famous for a lot of things, History, Harvard Square Business Association – https://www.harvardsquare.com/history/  John Harvard (clergyman), Wikipedia (Updated July 28, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harvard_(clergyman)  Michael Johnson, 94 University Place: Old Mill, Burlington 1830 (Undated) – https://www.uvm.edu/histpres/HPJ/burl1830/streets/university/oldmill.html  Prof. Thomas Visser, Old Mill, University of Vermont (Undated; based on a professional report on the history of Old Mill prepared in 1988 by Thomas Visser and MaryJo Llewellyn of the UVM Historic Preservation Program's Architectural Conservation and Education Service.) – https://www.uvm.edu/~campus/oldmill/oldmillhistory.html  Vassar College, Wikipedia (Updated July 5, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassar_College#History  Historic Horseshoe, South Carolina, University History, University of South Carolina (Undated) – https://www.sc.edu/about/our_history/university_history/historic_horseshoe/index.php  Lydia Brandt, University of Virginia, Architecture of the, Encyclopedia Virginia (Dec. 14, 2020) – https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/university-of-virginia-the-architecture-of-the/  History and Traditions, Washington University in St. Louis (Undated) – https://wustl.edu/about/history-traditions/#:~:text=In%201853%2C%20prominent%20St.,of%20immigrants%20flooded%20into%20St.  Smith College, Wikipedia (Updated Aug. 4, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_College  Smith History, Smith College (Undated) – https://www.smith.edu/about-smith/smith-history  Moments in Equity Stephen Smith and Kate Ellis, Shackled Legacy – History shows slavery helped build many U.S. colleges and universities, American Public Media Reports (Sept. 4, 2017) – https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2017/09/04/shackled-legacy  Yoruhu Williams, Why Thomas Jefferson’s Anti-Slavery Passage Was Removed from the Declaration of Independence, History.com (June 29, 2020) – https://www.history.com/news/declaration-of-independence-deleted-anti-slavery-clause-jefferson  Nancy Clanton, Sally Hemings: Mother of 6 of Thomas Jefferson’s children was also his property, Atlanta Journal Constitution (Feb. 27, 2019)– https://www.ajc.com/news/national/sally-hemings-mother-six-thomas-jefferson-children-was-also-his-property/oKIBF28ni64Yv4i6x2NHJM/#:~:text=Jefferson%20fathered%20all%20six%20of,Hemings%20continued%20in%20the%20interview Rachel Swarns, 272 Slaves Were Sold to Save Georgetown. What Does It Owe Their Descendants?, NY Times (Apr. 16, 2016) – https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/us/georgetown-university-search-for-slave-descendants.html  Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom, Wikipedia (Updated Mar. 12, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom

Notes - Episodes 5 and 6Colleges and common spaceIn episodes 5 and 6, we look at the history of the American college and university campus from the commencement of British American settlement through modern times. The open and public spaces of campuses, as well as the design of buildings and overall layouts, reflect societal trends, philosophies, and prejudices as much as the changing purpose of higher education itself. We explore starting with the first colleges, their charters and founding as institutions meant to educate upper class white men through the post World War II period that has seen a democratization of higher education.  Our moments in equity for these two episodes look at how college establishment and funding were intimately connected to the slave trade, slave labor, and the profits from the sale of slaves in the British colonies and in the pre-Civil War United States. ResourcesPaul Venable Turner, Campus: An American planning tradition (MIT Press 1987) A History of Stanford, Stanford University (Undated) – https://www.stanford.edu/about/history/  College of William & Mary, Wikipedia (Updated Feb. 17, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary Royal Charter (Feb. 8, 1693) [posted on Internet Archive Wayback Machine (Updated Mar. 26, 2012) – https://web.archive.org/web/20120529035803/http://scdb.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Charter#Transcription_of_the_Royal_Charter] History, Columbia University in the City of New York (Undated) – https://www.columbia.edu/content/history  Frederick Law Olmsted: College and School Campuses, National Park Service (undated) –  https://www.nps.gov/frla/learn/historyculture/college-campuses.htm  Judith Schiff, Resources on Yale History: A Brief History of Yale, Yale University Library (Updated June 22, 2021) – https://guides.library.yale.edu/yalehistory  Rebecca Woodham, David J. Trowbridge, and Clio Admin, Nott Memorial, Union College, Clio: Your Guide to History (August 1, 2021, accessed Mar. 15, 2022) – https://theclio.com/entry/6225  Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764-1820), Dickinson College Archives & Special Collections (2005) – https://archives.dickinson.edu/people/benjamin-henry-latrobe-1764-1820  Benjamin Henry Latrobe, Wikipedia (Updated Nov. 23, 2021) –  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe  Lisa Chase, Imagining Utopia: Landscape Design at Smith College, 1871-1910, 65 New England Quarterly no. 4, p. 560 (Dec. 1992) – https://garden.smith.edu/sites/garden/files/imagining-utopia-lisa-chase.pdf  Jim McCarthy, Spotlight on…Gallaudet University, National Association for Olmsted Parks (Mar. 14, 2022) – https://olmsted200.org/spotlight-on-gallaudet-university/  Rebecca Beatrice Brooks, History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, History of Massachusetts Blog (May 30, 2021) – https://historyofmassachusetts.org/cambridge-ma-history/  Brief History of Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge Historical Commission (undated) – https://www.cambridgema.gov/historic/cambridgehistory  Harvard Square is famous for a lot of things, History, Harvard Square Business Association – https://www.harvardsquare.com/history/  John Harvard (clergyman), Wikipedia (Updated July 28, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harvard_(clergyman)  Michael Johnson, 94 University Place: Old Mill, Burlington 1830 (Undated) – https://www.uvm.edu/histpres/HPJ/burl1830/streets/university/oldmill.html  Prof. Thomas Visser, Old Mill, University of Vermont (Undated; based on a professional report on the history of Old Mill prepared in 1988 by Thomas Visser and MaryJo Llewellyn of the UVM Historic Preservation Program's Architectural Conservation and Education Service.) – https://www.uvm.edu/~campus/oldmill/oldmillhistory.html  Vassar College, Wikipedia (Updated July 5, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassar_College#History  Historic Horseshoe, South Carolina, University History, University of South Carolina (Undated) – https://www.sc.edu/about/our_history/university_history/historic_horseshoe/index.php  Lydia Brandt, University of Virginia, Architecture of the, Encyclopedia Virginia (Dec. 14, 2020) – https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/university-of-virginia-the-architecture-of-the/  History and Traditions, Washington University in St. Louis (Undated) – https://wustl.edu/about/history-traditions/#:~:text=In%201853%2C%20prominent%20St.,of%20immigrants%20flooded%20into%20St.  Smith College, Wikipedia (Updated Aug. 4, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_College  Smith History, Smith College (Undated) – https://www.smith.edu/about-smith/smith-history  Moments in Equity Stephen Smith and Kate Ellis, Shackled Legacy – History shows slavery helped build many U.S. colleges and universities, American Public Media Reports (Sept. 4, 2017) – https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2017/09/04/shackled-legacy  Yoruhu Williams, Why Thomas Jefferson’s Anti-Slavery Passage Was Removed from the Declaration of Independence, History.com (June 29, 2020) – https://www.history.com/news/declaration-of-independence-deleted-anti-slavery-clause-jefferson  Nancy Clanton, Sally Hemings: Mother of 6 of Thomas Jefferson’s children was also his property, Atlanta Journal Constitution (Feb. 27, 2019)– https://www.ajc.com/news/national/sally-hemings-mother-six-thomas-jefferson-children-was-also-his-property/oKIBF28ni64Yv4i6x2NHJM/#:~:text=Jefferson%20fathered%20all%20six%20of,Hemings%20continued%20in%20the%20interview Rachel Swarns, 272 Slaves Were Sold to Save Georgetown. What Does It Owe Their Descendants?, NY Times (Apr. 16, 2016) – https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/us/georgetown-university-search-for-slave-descendants.html  Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom, Wikipedia (Updated Mar. 12, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom

ResourcesMovie Roman Holiday, Wikipedia (Updated Oct. 9, 2022) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Holiday Maksym Chornyi, Roman Holiday' Filming Locations, Follow Your Passionated Movies (Nov. 16, 2019) - https://www.recenzent.org.ua/roman-holiday-filming-locations/ Mark Cartwright, The Arch of Septimius Severus, Rome, World History Encyclopedia (June 29, 2013) – https://www.worldhistory.org/article/502/the-arch-of-septimius-severus-rome/  Gregory DiPippo, Damnatio Memoriae, Veterum Sapientia Institute: Latin & Greek for Catholics (Feb. 4, 2022) - https://veterumsapientia.org/damnatio-memoriae/ (describing the family history of Septimius Severus and his sons) Roman Forum, History.com (Updated Aug. 21, 2018) – https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-rome/roman-forum  Brandon Shaw, 12 Astounding Facts About the Spanish Steps, The Roman Guy (Updated Aug. 9, 2022) – https://theromanguy.com/italy-travel-blog/rome/spanish-steps/the-spanish-steps-romes-modern-day-landmark/ The History of Rome’s Trevi Fountain, Black Tomato (Undated) – https://www.blacktomato.com/us/inspirations/the-history-of-romes-trevi-fountain/  Trevi Fountain, Wikipedia (Updated Oct. 9, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevi_Fountain  Ponte Sant'Angelo | History & Info About the Bridge of Angels, Castel Sant Angelo Tickets (Undated) – https://www.castel-sant-angelo-ticket.com/ponte-sant-angelo/ Princess Margaret Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowden, Wikipedia (Updated Oct. 17, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon  Peter Townsend (RAF Officer), Wikipedia (Updated Oct. 16, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Townsend_(RAF_officer)  Equity Hollywood Blacklisting, U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History, Encyclopedia.com (Oct. 6,2022) –  https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hollywood-blacklisting  House Un-American Activities Committee, U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History, Encyclopedia.com (Oct. 17,2022) –  https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/house-un-american-activities-committee#3048900288  Phil Helsel, Kirk Douglas helped end the Hollywood blacklist, but he wasn't alone, NBC News, (Feb. 5, 2020) – https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/kirk-douglas-helped-end-hollywood-blacklist-he-wasn-t-alone-n1131256

Our foundational texts, legends and tales have a lot to tell us about ourselves and how we as a society see the world. We have inherited a particular tradition that views good and bad – or evil – in ways that give transportation, design of public spaces, and even the prospect of grave danger to our planet, a free pass. I’m going to do a grave injustice to Gilgamesh (because there are lively disputes about whether this poem should even be called an epic) by only briefly summarizing it and employing this literary work only as a contrast for the mainly foundational early stories and laws in the Old Testament. I want to highlight the purposes of the texts, the values that they reveal, and how these preferences and judgments play out in our own society to this day for purposes of our public spaces and transportation. Oh yes, we look at how Gilgamesh and the Bible view rural versus urban communities, and we do a quick tour of Abraham, Joseph, Moses, the Tower of Babel, the flood stories, and more. Sources for more information:Please note that the articles cited are available for free through many public library systems. They are not all available otherwise on the Internet. Ancient Babylon: Paul Kriwaczek, Babylon: Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization (St. Martin’s Press 2010) Tower of Babel, Wikipedia (last updated July 31, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh  Epic of Gilgamesh·      Joan Acocella, How to Read “Gilgamesh,” New Yorker (Oct. 7, 2019) (Explaining the different translations and the purposes and backgrounds of the translators and writers of modern versions of the epic)·      Michael Schmidt, Gilgamesh: The Life of a Poem (Princeton University Press 2019)·      Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Albert Clay, An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic (Yale University Press 1920) (available at https: //www.gutenberg.org/files/11000/11000-h/11000-h.htm) ·      There are endless versions of Gilgamesh as poetry or prose, as literal translations of the poem, many which note where text is missing and the sources for the text and differences among sources. There are also many interpretive books and articles about the text. Even in the last 20 years, more clay tablets have been discovered that continue to fill in the missing spaces. The classic translation cited above, therefore, is not an up-to-date version. Indeed, the initial discovery, searches for tablets, and continued translations of older versions and, as yet, untranslated, tablets means that we do not yet have a final version even in its original, multiple, dead languages. Bible – Old Testament/Hebrew Bible·      Sefaria – https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Tanakh (available online for free in Hebrew, with English translation)·      King James Bible – https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/  As far as translations, we know that translations do not always retain the cadence, the poetry, or the feel of the original, though the text is accurately translated.

Notes for Episodes 4 & 5: Blaise Pascal and the First Modern Omnibus Transit NetworkEpisodes 4 dives deep into the life of Blaise Pascal. In Episodes 5, we look at Pascal's friend, colleague, and benefactor, Artus Gouffier (the Duc de Roannez) and we discuss the omnibus system that the two friends created. Sources for more information:Please note that the newspaper articles are available for free through many public library systems. They are not all available for free on the Internet. Omnibus and Pascal·      Fiona Zublin, The First Buses in the World Were in Paris (And They Ate Hay), Ozy (Dec. 11, 2018) – https://www.ozy.com/true-and-stories/the-first-buses-in-the-world-were-in-paris-and-they-ate-hay/90088/ ·      Carrosses a cinq sols, Wikipedia (Updated Nov. 21, 2021) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrosses_%C3%A0_cinq_sols ·      Randy Alfred, March 18, 1662: The Bus Starts Here … In Paris, Wired (Mar. 17, 2008) – https://www.wired.com/2008/03/march-18-1662-the-bus-starts-here-in-paris/ ·      Transport Network, whytodayisbrilliant (blog) (Mar. 18, 2016) (Shows a map of the omnibus network at its height) – https://whytodayisbrilliant.wordpress.com/tag/blaise-pascal/ ·      Jerry Mikorenda, Blaise Pascal Gets Taken for a Ride, Jerry Mikorenda (blog) (Mar. 10, 2020) – https://www.jerrymikorenda.com/post/blaise-pascal-gets-taken-for-a-ride-1  Biography of Pascal·      Morris Bishop, Pascal: The Life of Genius (Greenwood Press 1936)·      Desmond Clarke, Blaise Pascal, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (June 22, 2015) – https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal/ ·      Dominique Descotes and Gilles Proust, Les Pensees de Blaise Pascal, (Introduction provides a chronology of Pascal’s life and explains what happened to Pascal’s personal papers following his death; information about the authors appears at http://www.penseesdepascal.fr/General/CML.php) (2011) – http://www.penseesdepascal.fr/General/Introduction.php ·      Bridge-to-terebethia, Blaise Pascal, Timetoast Timelines (undated) – https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/blaise-pascal--5 ·      David Simpson, Blaise Pascal, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (No date given) – https://iep.utm.edu/pascal-b/#SH1e·      A Provincial Named Blaise Pascal (Undated) (Webpages with information about specific aspects of Pascal’s life and work) – https://blaisepascal.bibliotheques-clermontmetropole.eu/  Pascal’s health problems ·      Anca Sava, et al., The mysterious “mental illness” of a philosopher: the case of Blaise Pascal, 60 Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology 1383-89 (2019) (Diagnosis of Pascal’s illness from early childhood, its progression, and medical causes of his early death) –https://rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/60041913831389.pdf  ·      Marc Zanello, et al., The mysteries of Blaise Pascal’s sutures, Childs Nerv Syst 31, 503–506 (2015) (Diagnosis of oxycephaly, which has to do with malformation of the skull) – https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00381-015-2622-9 and https://rdcu.be/cGjiL ·      David Simpson, Blaise Pascal, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (No date given) (Arguing that Pascal suffered from “migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia – a complex of illnesses often found together and which also frequently occur in combination with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and emotional distress.”) – https://iep.utm.edu/pascal-b/#SH1e Calculating machine·      Mechanical calculator, Wikipedia (Updated Nov. 3, 2021) (History of these early machines and their inventors) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_calculator ·      Pascal’s calculator, Wikipedia (Updated Oct. 26, 2021) (Explains how the machine worked) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s_calculator  Artus Gouffier, the Duc de Roannez·      Artus Gouffier de Roannez, Wikipedia (Last updated Dec. 28, 2021) - https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artus_Gouffier_de_Roannez ·      Richard Watson, Pascal, Piety, and Les Roannez, brill.com (undated) (stated that the information about the friendship is derived from Jean Mesnard,Pascal et les Roannez (Paris: Desclée, De Brouwer, 1965), a “monumental” work) - https://brill.com/previewpdf/book/edcoll/9789004305922/B9789004305922_003.xml ·      Artus Gouffier, Duke of Roannez, A Provincial Named Blaise Pascal (Undated) (webpage of a larger site with information about Pascal’s mathematic, scientific, and entrepreneurial work) – https://blaisepascal-bibliotheques--clermontmetropole-eu.translate.goog/autour-de-blaise-pascal/galerie-de-portraits/duc-de-roannez?_x_tr_sl=fr&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc Episode 4: Moment in Equity: Slavery Laws passed in 1662·      History of Slavery in Virginia, Wikipedia (Updated Jan. 7, 2022) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Virginia#:~:text=A%20law%20making%20race%2Dbased,based%20on%20partus%20sequitur%20ventrem ·      Slavery and the Making of America, Thirteen, Educational Broadcasting Corporation (2004) [Website online, but no longer updated] – https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/slavery/timeline/1662.html  Episode 5: Moment in Equity: French Slavery and the Sugar Trade·      Slavery in the British and French Caribbean, Wikipedia (Updated Apr. 3, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean ·      Khalil Gibran Muhammad, The sugar that saturates the American diet has a barbaric history as the ‘white gold’ that fueled slavery, NY Times (Aug. 14, 2019) (part of the 1619 Project – https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/sugar-slave-trade-slavery.html ·      Mark Cartwright, Life on a Colonial Sugar Plantation, World History Encyclopedia (July 6, 2021) (describing the genesis of the plantation slave system with Portuguese colonization) – https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1795/life-on-a-colonial-sugar-plantation/

Notes for Episodes 4 & 5: Blaise Pascal and the First Modern Omnibus Transit NetworkEpisodes 4 dives deep into the life of Blaise Pascal. In Episodes 5, we look at Pascal's friend, colleague, and benefactor, Artus Gouffier (the Duc de Roannez) and we discuss the omnibus system that the two friends created. Sources for more information:Please note that the newspaper articles are available for free through many public library systems. They are not all available for free on the Internet. Omnibus and Pascal·      Fiona Zublin, The First Buses in the World Were in Paris (And They Ate Hay), Ozy (Dec. 11, 2018) – https://www.ozy.com/true-and-stories/the-first-buses-in-the-world-were-in-paris-and-they-ate-hay/90088/ ·      Carrosses a cinq sols, Wikipedia (Updated Nov. 21, 2021) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrosses_%C3%A0_cinq_sols ·      Randy Alfred, March 18, 1662: The Bus Starts Here … In Paris, Wired (Mar. 17, 2008) – https://www.wired.com/2008/03/march-18-1662-the-bus-starts-here-in-paris/ ·      Transport Network, whytodayisbrilliant (blog) (Mar. 18, 2016) (Shows a map of the omnibus network at its height) – https://whytodayisbrilliant.wordpress.com/tag/blaise-pascal/ ·      Jerry Mikorenda, Blaise Pascal Gets Taken for a Ride, Jerry Mikorenda (blog) (Mar. 10, 2020) – https://www.jerrymikorenda.com/post/blaise-pascal-gets-taken-for-a-ride-1  Biography of Pascal·      Morris Bishop, Pascal: The Life of Genius (Greenwood Press 1936)·      Desmond Clarke, Blaise Pascal, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (June 22, 2015) – https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal/ ·      Dominique Descotes and Gilles Proust, Les Pensees de Blaise Pascal, (Introduction provides a chronology of Pascal’s life and explains what happened to Pascal’s personal papers following his death; information about the authors appears at http://www.penseesdepascal.fr/General/CML.php) (2011) – http://www.penseesdepascal.fr/General/Introduction.php ·      Bridge-to-terebethia, Blaise Pascal, Timetoast Timelines (undated) – https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/blaise-pascal--5 ·      David Simpson, Blaise Pascal, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (No date given) – https://iep.utm.edu/pascal-b/#SH1e·      A Provincial Named Blaise Pascal (Undated) (Webpages with information about specific aspects of Pascal’s life and work) – https://blaisepascal.bibliotheques-clermontmetropole.eu/  Pascal’s health problems ·      Anca Sava, et al., The mysterious “mental illness” of a philosopher: the case of Blaise Pascal, 60 Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology 1383-89 (2019) (Diagnosis of Pascal’s illness from early childhood, its progression, and medical causes of his early death) –https://rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/60041913831389.pdf  ·      Marc Zanello, et al., The mysteries of Blaise Pascal’s sutures, Childs Nerv Syst 31, 503–506 (2015) (Diagnosis of oxycephaly, which has to do with malformation of the skull) – https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00381-015-2622-9 and https://rdcu.be/cGjiL ·      David Simpson, Blaise Pascal, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (No date given) (Arguing that Pascal suffered from “migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia – a complex of illnesses often found together and which also frequently occur in combination with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and emotional distress.”) – https://iep.utm.edu/pascal-b/#SH1e Calculating machine·      Mechanical calculator, Wikipedia (Updated Nov. 3, 2021) (History of these early machines and their inventors) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_calculator ·      Pascal’s calculator, Wikipedia (Updated Oct. 26, 2021) (Explains how the machine worked) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s_calculator  Artus Gouffier, the Duc de Roannez·      Artus Gouffier de Roannez, Wikipedia (Last updated Dec. 28, 2021) - https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artus_Gouffier_de_Roannez ·      Richard Watson, Pascal, Piety, and Les Roannez, brill.com (undated) (stated that the information about the friendship is derived from Jean Mesnard,Pascal et les Roannez (Paris: Desclée, De Brouwer, 1965), a “monumental” work) - https://brill.com/previewpdf/book/edcoll/9789004305922/B9789004305922_003.xml ·      Artus Gouffier, Duke of Roannez, A Provincial Named Blaise Pascal (Undated) (webpage of a larger site with information about Pascal’s mathematic, scientific, and entrepreneurial work) – https://blaisepascal-bibliotheques--clermontmetropole-eu.translate.goog/autour-de-blaise-pascal/galerie-de-portraits/duc-de-roannez?_x_tr_sl=fr&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc Episode 4: Moment in Equity: Slavery Laws passed in 1662·      History of Slavery in Virginia, Wikipedia (Updated Jan. 7, 2022) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Virginia#:~:text=A%20law%20making%20race%2Dbased,based%20on%20partus%20sequitur%20ventrem ·      Slavery and the Making of America, Thirteen, Educational Broadcasting Corporation (2004) [Website online, but no longer updated] – https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/slavery/timeline/1662.html  Episode 5: Moment in Equity: French Slavery and the Sugar Trade·      Slavery in the British and French Caribbean, Wikipedia (Updated Apr. 3, 2022) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean ·      Khalil Gibran Muhammad, The sugar that saturates the American diet has a barbaric history as the ‘white gold’ that fueled slavery, NY Times (Aug. 14, 2019) (part of the 1619 Project – https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/sugar-slave-trade-slavery.html ·      Mark Cartwright, Life on a Colonial Sugar Plantation, World History Encyclopedia (July 6, 2021) (describing the genesis of the plantation slave system with Portuguese colonization) – https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1795/life-on-a-colonial-sugar-plantation/

Episode 2: FunicularsIn this episode, we define the term funicular and quickly delve into its history, with odd characters, wealthy businessmen, and marketing gurus along the way. We also talk about where funiculars can be found today as well as many that only exist in the pages of history.What is a funicular? Basically, a funicular is one of a paired set of carriages that use a cable or rope in order to be moved up or down a steep incline, with each carriage counterbalancing the other. Spoiler alert: Some famous ones are Angel's Flight in LA, Peak Tram in Hong Kong, and about 30, which I don't think are individually named, in Valparaiso, Chile. Hence another term for funicular is an incline. While the early history is not well documented, we do have evidence of funiculars dating back to the Middle Ages. Look through our sources as well to go enjoy performances of Funiculi, Funicila, an Italian folk song. You might get lost there. Sources for more informationPlease note that the newspaper articles are available for free through many public library systems. They are not all available otherwise on the Internet. Definitions·      Oxford English Dictionary – free access through library cards from many public libraries in the United States·      Merriam-Webster Dictionary – definitions are available for free online·      Matt Hickman, 14 Fabulous Funiculars from Around the Globe, Treehugger: Sustainability for All (blog and website) (Nov. 21, 2018) at https://www.treehugger.com/fabulous-funiculars-from-around-the-globe-4863745 – Treehugger states that it is “the only modern sustainability site that offers advice, clarity, and inspiration for both the eco-savvy and the green-living novice.”  Funicular traveler writings·      Joseph Brennan, All the Funiculars: Explorations in Britain (2019) (webpage and blog posts about each funicular visited and the surrounding town; lots of photos and a map) – http://www.columbia.edu/~brennan/fun/ o   Example of his treks from London – West Hill Lift, Hastings, East Hill Lift, Hastings   – http://www.columbia.edu/~brennan/fun/10_HASTINGS.html ·      Matt Hickman, 14 Fabulous Funiculars from Around the Globe, Treehugger: Sustainability for All (blog and website) (Nov. 21, 2018) at https://www.treehugger.com/fabulous-funiculars-from-around-the-globe-4863745·      Wayne Bernhardson, The Hills of Valparaíso, Chile, Moon (undated) (neighborhoods on the steep hills, landmarks, and funicular transportation) – https://www.moon.com/travel/trip-ideas/the-hills-of-valparaiso-chile/ ·      Tom Osborne, The 15 Coolest Things to Do in Valparaíso, Chile, Worldly Adventurer (Mar. 21, 2021) (public art, hilly neighborhoods, views, funiculars, and food and drink, as well as earthquakes) – https://worldlyadventurer.com/things-to-do-valparaiso/ ·      Ulrike Lemmin-Woolfrey, The Most Fantastic Funicular Railways You’ll Experience in Europe, Fodors Travel (Jan. 28, 2020) – https://www.fodors.com/news/photos/the-most-fantastic-funicular-railways-youll-experience-in-europe  History ·      History blog (Untitled) (June 2011) – http://the---history.blogspot.com/2011/06/history-of-train.html ·      Timeline of Railway History, Wikipedia (Oct. 4, 2021) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_railway_history ·      The Monongahela Incline: A Pittsburgh Icon, The Monongahela Incline – https://monongahelaincline.com/ ·      Early History (About the Incline page), Duquesne Incline – http://www.duquesneincline.org/index8656.html?page=about-the-incline ·      Iowa SP Fenelon Place Elevator, National Archives Catalog (1978) (primary source document available online) – https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75338808  ·      Marshall Cohen, Fourth Street Elevator, Encyclopedia Dubuque (Sept. 19, 2021) – http://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=FOURTH_STREET_ELEVATOR  ·      Jim Swenson, Up-and-down history: Dubuque's elevator attraction still drawing them in, Telegraph Herald (Nov. 22, 2017) – https://www.telegraphherald.com/news/tri-state/article_98e97014-71dc-5768-a4d5-226a02bee57b.html ·      James E. Jacobsen, Phase V Dubuque Historical and Architectural Survey of the Fenelon Place, North Main and Broadway Neighborhoods (2005) (Report prepared by History Pays!; funded by a State of Iowa Certified Local Governments grant with matched funding being provided by the City of Dubuque, and federal funding from the National Park Service. The report provides a detailed description of the neighborhood.) – https://www.cityofdubuque.org/DocumentCenter/View/2926/Phase-V-Report?bidId=   ·      Los Angeles and Southern California – Nathan Masters, Three Forgotten Incline Railways from Southern California History, KCET (Nov. 3, 2018) – https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/three-forgotten-incline-railways-from-southern-california-history  ·      Mark Dodge, Lookout Mountain Funicular — a ride of a lifetime, Golden History Museum & Park (Feb. 15, 2017) (noting the many requests for the museum’s history blog to provide information about the funicular).·      Lookout Mountain Funicular, Golden History Museum & Park (Jan. 5, 1998) (undated entry) ·      Franchise Granted for Lookout Line, Republican-Advocate (May 4, 1910) – https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=RPA19100504-01&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA-%e2%80%a2%09Lookout+Mountain+Funicular-------0------ (available for free and without library card)·      Swiss hotel – https://www.asme.org/wwwasmeorg/media/resourcefiles/aboutasme/who%20we%20are/engineering%20history/landmarks/259-bro-standseilbahn.pdf ·      Fenelon Place Elevator Company History, Fenelon Place Elevator Co. – https://www.fenelonplaceelevator.com/history/  ·      World's highest urban funicular opens second line in Bolivia, EFE News Service (Sept. 16, 2014)  Funiculars for tourism and at ski resorts·      Funicular lifts wordwide, Skiresort.info – https://www.skiresort.info/ski-lifts/lift-types/lift-type/funicular/ ·      Ben Schlappig, Review: St. Regis Deer Valley (Park City, Utah), One Mile at a Time (Set. 14, 2021) (funicular description, photos, and experience are covered midway through the post) – https://onemileatatime.com/reviews/st-regis-deer-valley/ and the video of the funicular ride at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czLmtMCxPIQ ·      Broken River Ski Area, Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_River_Ski_Area ·      Eric Grundhauser, 14 Amazing Gravity-Defying Funiculars, Atlas Obscura (July 13, 2016)·      Switzerland unveils world's steepest funicular railway, CNN Wire Service (Dec. 15, 2017) (steepest funicular) – available through public library periodical database·      Katoomba Scenic Railway – https://www.infobluemountains.net.au/rail/ksr/Default.htm ·      Schwebebahn Dresden, Germany for Visitors (undated) –https://europeforvisitors.com/germany/dresden/schwebebahn.htm·      Schwebebahn Dresden, Atlas Obscura (undated) – https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/schwebebahn-dresden  https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/schwebebahn-dresden    Funicular information sources·      Michel Azema, Funimag (blog, twitter feed, youtube, facebook) – https://twitter.com/funimag and https://www.funimag.com/photoblog/  o   Part 2: History and Description (1997) (History and details of the Reiszug funicular in Salzburg, Austria) – https://www.funimag.com/funimag10/RESZUG02.HTM o   Frequent posts on twitter.o   Amazing historical photos of American funiculars, many of which look like roller coaster cars – https://www.funimag.com/photoblog/index.php/articles/us-the-great-era-of-lost-american-funiculars/ ·      Bruse Persson, Bruse’s Funiculars.net – https://www.funiculars.net/ (Worldwide database of operational, defunct, and funiculars no longer in existence; listed by countries, with dates of operation. Be careful to double check information about funiculars noted as still in operation and also the database does not include funiculars built after 2001.) Other sources tangentially related to funiculars·      Konstantinos Tzanakakis, The Railway Track and Its Long Term Behaviour: A Handbook for a Railway Track of High Quality (2013) (includes a history of rail infrastructure dating back to ancient times, but mostly about engineering, safety, and maintenance) ·      Hohensalzburg (former residence of Matthäus Cardinal Lang, who became the Archbishop of Salzburg a few years after writing the first known document to mention a funicular) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohensalzburg_Fortress·      Hohensalzburg Fortress (full history and current activities at the former residence of Matthäus Cardinal Lang, who became the Archbishop of Salzburg a few years after writing the first known document to mention a funicular) – https://www.salzburg.info/en/sights/top10/hohensalzburg-fortress ·      Castle of the Week, Hohensalzburg Castle, Austria, Heraldic Times (Oct. 18, 2010) https://heraldictimes.wordpress.com/2010/10/18/castle-of-the-week-hohensalzburg-castle-austria/ ·      Broseley, Wikipedia (July 3, 2021) – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broseley#History  Crashes·      Angel’s Flight (Los Angeles, California)o   Michel Azema, Accident at Angels Flight Funicular, Funimag (undated) – https://www.funimag.com/funimag18/AngelsFligth01.htmo   First accident in 87 years closes L.A. funicular, Metro Magazine (Mar. 1, 2001) – https://www.metro-magazine.com/10009438/first-accident-in-87-years-closes-l-a-funicular ·      Mottarone Funicular (Italy)o   Blame in Italy cable car deaths rests with technician who disabled emergency brake, judge rules, NBC News, from Associated Press (May 30, 2021) – https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/blame-italy-cable-car-deaths-rests-technician-who-disabled-emergency-n1269115  ·      Czech Republico   One killed in Czech cable car accident, CNN, from Reuters (Oct. 31, 2021) – https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/31/europe/czech-cable-car-accident-intl/index.html  Funiculi, Funicula performances·      Andrea Boccelli singing - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PG4SbelgIFk ·      Flashmob performance at the Viewnna train station – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzIDVeQmYOo ·      Many more versions available through a search Moment in Equity: Early Atlantic slave trade·      Free the Slaves, Slavery in History – https://www.freetheslaves.net/slavery-in-history/·      Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe

Poetry on Transit is a story that starts with American moxie, in combination with quality British public transportation and literature. Poetry on transit begins with a native Brooklynite, who was living in London and sitting around a table with a group of friends. The idea was embraced by the London Underground and soon spread in Europe and across the US, with drama along the way. Poetry on transit has lasted and it has evolved, with greater awareness of diversity in culture and languages, and service to the transit riders who read the lines of poetry as they travel to work, school, or wherever they go, wherever they live. Sources for more information:Please note that the newspaper articles are available for free through many public library systems. They are not all available otherwise on the Internet. Reciting of poetry during the episode: At the end of the show notes for this episode is an explanation of the legal fair use of the poetry mentioned and recited during the episode. Some of the poems included in the episode are not subject to copyright law due to age of the poem and the number of years since the poet’s death. Some poems are reprinted with permission. “Reprinted with permission” is noted wherever applicable. There were also inquiries with no response. Equity·      EPA report – “Environmental Equity: Reducing Risk for All Communities” (volume 1 and volume 2) Poetry on Transit What is poetry on transit?·      RIPTA Poetry in Motion – https://www.ripta.com/projects/poetryinmotion/#:~:text=In%20September%202017%2C%20the%20Rhode,display%20boards%20inside%20RIPTA%20buses  London Poems on the Underground·      Steven Prokesch, London Journal; For the Straphangers, Poetry Sweetens the Ride, NYTimes (Jan. 9, 1992)·      Poems on the Underground Facebook page New York and Poetry in Motion·      General information and history of the program – https://poetrysociety.org/poetry-in-motion ·      Poetry exchange between New York’s MTA and the London Underground in 1994 – Judith Chernaik, O Brooklyn Local, NYTimes (May 14, 1994)·      2008 end of poetry in motion and its resurgence – o   Robin Pogrebin, MTA Derails Poetry, NYTimes (Apr. 30, 2008); o   Adam Sternbergh, Because We Fight Over Poetry; Literature provides commuter inspiration, Vox Media, LLC (Dec. 21, 2009); o   Michael Grynbaum, In the City's Subway, Literary Placards Will Soon Be Mere Echoes in the Memory, NYTimes (Dec. 21, 2010); o   Clyde Haberman, A Second Act for Poetry in the Subways, NYTimes (Mar. 28, 2012)·      Poetry in Motion history and coming through Covid – Colin Moynihan, For the Subway, All the Right Lines, NYTimes (May 4, 2020) Evolving iterations of poetry on transit·      Indianapolis – Poetry taking the bus, Indianapolis Business Journal, vol. 27, no. 18, 10 p. 13 (July 10, 2006)·      Pittsburgh, which still has a poetry in transit program, adorned the exterior of buses with poetry – Elwin Green, New Port Authority buses become poetry in motion, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Jan. 24, 2006)·      New Jersey high school poetry project – Douglas Goetsch, Poetry stand: how a precocious group of high school poets learned to provide verse on demand, American Scholar, vol. 76, 4 (Autumn 2007)King County, WA, including Seattle and surrounding area –·      https://www.4culture.org/poetry-on-buses-takes-a-poetic-stand-on-water/ and https://www.4culture.org/public_art/poetry-on-buses/ ·      https://www.americansforthearts.org/by-program/networks-and-councils/public-art-network/public-art-year-in-review-database/poetry-on-buses-your-body-of-water ·      https://poetryonbuses.org/about/  Poetry read during the episode ·      Crossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman – https://poetrysociety.org/poems/crossing-brooklyn-ferry ·      Let There Be New Flowering by Lucille Clifton, from good woman: poems and a memoir 1969-1980 by Lucille Clifton. Copyright © 1987. Reprinted with the permission of BOA Editions, Ltd – https://poetrysociety.org/poetry-in-motion/let-there-be-new-flowering  ·      Thanks Forever by Milton Kessler, from The Grand Concourse by Milton Kessler. Copyright © 1990; published by the State University of New York at Binghamton –  https://poemsontheunderground.org/thanks-forever ·      Western Wind (unknown author) – https://poemsontheunderground.org/western-wind  ·      Separation by W.S. Merwin, from The Second Four Books of Poems by W.S. Merwin, published by Copper Canyon Press. Copyright © 1993. Reprinted with the permission of the Wylie Agency LLC – https://merwinconservancy.org/2015/02/poem-of-the-week-separation-2/ ·      Root/Route by Michelle Penaloza – https://poetryonbuses.org/poems2017/michelle-penaloza/?indv=y. Information about the poetry of Michelle Penaloza is available at http://www.michellepenaloza.com/.  Poems and excerpts of poems read during the episodeLet there be new flowering by Lucille Cliftonlet there be new flowering in the fields let the fields turn mellow for the men let the men keep tender through the time let the time be wrested from the war let the war be won let love be at the end Crossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman (excerpts)Flood-tide below me! I see you face to face!Clouds of the west—sun there half an hour high—I see you also face to face. Crowds of men and women attired in the usual costumes, how curious you are to me!On the ferry-boats the hundreds and hundreds that cross, returning home, are more curious to me than you suppose,And you that shall cross from shore to shore years hence are more to me, and more in my meditations, than you might suppose.…         …         …Others will enter the gates of the ferry and cross from shore to shore,Others will watch the run of the flood-tide,Others will see the shipping of Manhattan north and west, and the heights of Brooklyn to the south and east,Others will see the islands large and small;Fifty years hence, others will see them as they cross, the sun half an hour high,A hundred years hence, or ever so many hundred years hence, others will see them,Will enjoy the sunset, the pouring-in of the flood-tide, the falling-back to the sea of the ebb-tide. Western Wind by unknown Westron wynde when wyll thow blowthe smalle rayne downe can RayneCryst yf my love were in my ArmysAnd I yn my bed Agayne. Thanks Forever by Milton KesslerLook at those empty shipsfloating northbetween south-running icelike big tulipsinto the Narrowsunder the Verrazanotoward the city harbor.I’m parked hereout of work all year.No hurry nowand sleep badly.But I’m self-employed.My new job’sto wave them in.Hello freighter,hello tanker.Welcome, welcome,to New York. Root/Route by Michelle Penaloza Water, the first and only route,And so, our roots and namings –  tau, people of the current; taga-ilog,river folk; maynila, place of waterlilies – no surprise that my motherlanded in a cold hand surroundedby lakes eerie and superior. No surpriseI found my way to the sound. Unless otherwise noted, general information about the poets was gleaned through Google searches and from Wikipedia.Fair Use doctrine and poetry mentioned and recited during the episode As this podcast episode includes reciting poems in whole or in part, the doctrine of fair use in copyright right law is being invoked. As a podcast is part spoken recitation and, with written show notes, part publication, guidelines for both written and spoken uses are being followed.  According to the Center for Media & Social Impact, Code of Practices for Fair Use of Poetry (2011) (hereinafter referred to as the “Code”), poetry may be written in a blog or other according to the following principle: Under fair use, an online resource (such as a blog or web site) may make examples of selected published poetry electronically available to the public, provided that the site also includes substantial additional cultural resources, including but not limited to critique or commentary, that contextualize or otherwise add value to the selections. According to the Code, for criticism, comment or illustration (in contrast to a poetry reading performance): Under fair use, a critic discussing a published poem or body of poetry may quote freely as justified by the critical purpose; likewise, a commentator may quote to exemplify or illuminate a cultural/historical phenomenon, and a visual artist may incorporate relevant quotations into his or her work. It is the opinion of the producer of this podcast that the episode both includes (1) “substantial additional cultural resources, including but not limited to critique or commentary, that contextualize or otherwise add value to the selections” and (2) “exemplif[ies] or illuminate[s] a cultural/historical phenomenon” due to discussions of their use in the poetry on transit programs and discussions of the programs themselves. Inclusion of the poems in the episode demonstrates the choices of poems selected, and in which time periods.

First ladies, odd 17th century Frenchmen, and quirky old transportation modes still in use are just a few topics mentioned as we preview Altered Mobility, a podcast about the history of public spaces and publicly available transportation.